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1、MoodoftheVerbWhatismood?MoodasasemanticcategoryInEnglishInChineseMoodasagrammaticalcategoryoftheverb?InEnglish【Viewsonmoodasagrammaticalcategory】Thetraditionalview:threemoods:theindicativetheimperativethesubjunctiveThesubjunctivehassevenforms:were,hadbeen,be,shouldbe,wouldbe,shouldhavebeen,wouldhav
2、ebeenThecontemporaryviews(1)Themoderateview:threemoods:theindicativetheimperativethesubjunctiveBut:Thesubjunctivehasonlytwoforms:were,be(remnantsofOldEnglish)(2)Theradicalview:ThereisnomoodatallasagrammaticalcategoryoftheverbinEnglish.Thepasttenseinunrealconditionalsisthehypotheticaluseofthepastten
3、se.wereusedtobetheregularpasttenseformof“be”.beisthepresenttenseformofthesecondperson.【Meaningsandusesofthebe-subjunctive】1.Thebe-subjunctiveexpressesindirectimperatives(indirectcommand/decision/suggestion)inthethat-clausesafterwordsdenotingcommand,decision,suggestion,importance,necessity,etc.(incl
4、udingverbs,nounsandadjectives).例句：Heorderedthatshecomebackwithoutdelay.TheboardhasgiveninstructionsthattheagentflytoBoston.Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Comparethefollowing:a.Heorderedthatsheshouldcomebackwithoutdelay.b.Heorderedhertocomebackwithoutdelay.a.Theboardhasgiveninstructions
5、thattheagentshouldflytoBoston.b.TheboardhasgiveninstructionsfortheagenttoflytoBoston.a.Itisessentialthatallthefactsshouldbeexaminedfirst.b.Itisessentialforallthefactstobeexaminedfirst.Comparethefollowing:Herredfacesuggeststhatsheisangry.Heinsistedthatshewaswrong.Itisoddthathehasfailed/shouldhavefai
6、ledagain.2.Thebe-subjunctiveexpresseshypotheticalimperatives(hypotheticalcondition/concession)inadverbialclausesintroducedbyif,though,whether,whatever,lest,solongas,etc.Thisuseofthebe-subjunctiveislimitedtoformalstyle.Ininformalstyletheindicativemoodor“should/may+infinitive”isusedinstead.a.Iftherum
7、orbetrue,everythingispossible.b.Iftherumoristrue,everythingispossible.a.Whateverbehisdefense,wecannottoleratehisdisloyalty.b.Whateverhisdefensemaybe,wecannottoleratehisdisloyalty.a.Hehidhimselfinthebushlest
