Drilling Fluid

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1、DrillingFluidThedrillingfluidisalargeandimportantpartofdrillingoperationHistoricalperspective1901-TheSprindletopwellintroducedrotarydrillingmethodsanddrillingfluid1920’s-BaritewasfirstusedfordensityOtheradditivesandsystemsfollowed:-Bentonite-Polymers-Oil-basedmudHist

2、oricalperspectiveAir,naturalgasornitrogen-basedsystems1970’s-Safetyandenvironmentalissuesinadditiontoperformanceandcost1990’s-Syntheticbasedmudsnowcallednon-aqueousdrillingfluidsorNAFFunctionsofdrillingfluidsRemovecuttingsfromtheholeCleanbottomofthehole(belowbit)Prev

3、entflowofformationfluidsControltorque(reducefriction)RetardcorrosionDepositathinfiltercakeFunctionsofdrillingfluidsTransmitMWDinformationPreventchangeinholesizeAidincementplacementPreventlostcirculationMinimizeformationdamageAssistinformationevaluationFunctionsofdril

4、lingfluidsDrillingfluidscannotdoeverythingMustdecideonprioritiesNumberonefunctionistocleanholeIfyoudonotcleanthehole,youcannotdrillFunctionsofdrillingfluidsSymptomsofpoorholecleaning-Excessivetorqueanddrag-Tightholeandbridgesontrips-FillonbottomFunctionsofdrillingflu

5、idNumbertwoistopreventblowoutsBlowoutscanbecatastrophicwithlossoflife,equipmentandenvironmentaldamageThemostcommonadditivefordensityisbariteWeightingMaterialSpecificGravityAverageDensityppgAveragelbs/bblChemicalFormulaBarite4.235.01470BaSO4Hematite5.243.31819FeO.Fe2C

6、o2Ilmenite4.840.01680TiO2Fe2OFunctionsofdrillingfluidFunctionsofdrillingfluidHematiteandIlmenitearenotusedveryoftenindrillingfluidsOnlyforveryhighdensitydrillingfluidsBottomholecleaningisprimarilyperformedbythehydraulicsandnotthemudMudadditivesgenerallyreducebottomho

7、lecleaningFunctionsofdrillingfluidInmostinstances,holelubricationisnotarequirementItdoesbecomecriticalinextendedreachdirectionalwellsandhorizontalwellsAgoodbentonitecontentandlowdrillsolidscontentwillyieldlowerfrictioncoefficientsOilandsyntheticmudswillusuallyyieldth

8、elowestfrictioncoefficientsbutnotalwaysFunctionsofdrillingfluidProtectformationproductivityandassistinformationevaluationisanobleai