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文学批评课程论文论文题目：TheInterpretationof"Gonewiththewind"——withFeministApproaches用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》学生姓名:杜雅妮学号:709202220班级:英语09-213 TheInterpretationof"Gonewiththewind"——withFeministApproachesAbstractGonewiththeWindasonlyworkofAmericanfemalewriterMargaretMitchellfirstpublishedin1936andwonthePulitzerprizeinliteraturein1937.It’snotonlyasuccessfulcommercialnovelbutalsoaclassic.Althoughit’spopularbutitnevergetanyattentionfromliterarycritics.InthehistoryofliteratureGonewiththeWinddoesnotgainmuchreputation,peopleconsideritasaromanticlovestoryandabestseller.ActuallyGonewiththeWindisavaluableworktobeanalyzedwithfeministapproaches.HereI’dliketoanalyzeGonewiththeWindinto3parts.ThefirstpartwillbeabriefintroductionofthewriterMargaretMitchell.Thesecondpartwillintroductionoffeministapproaches.ThethirdpartIwillanalyzeGonewiththeWindwithfeministapproaches.AndforthelastpartwewillgettheconclusionthatGonewiththeWindnotonlyabookforentertainmentbutalsoamasterpiecetochew.Keywords:FeministApproachesGonewiththeWindMargaretMitchell13 用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》内容摘要《飘》是美国女作家玛格利特米切尔的唯一一部作品，出版于1936年，1937年获得普利策文学奖。这不仅仅是一部成功商业小说，也是一部经典名著。尽管这是一部深受欢迎的成功小说但是却从未得到文学评论的重视。在世界文学史上，《飘》的文学地位并不高。在人们看来，这不过是一部浪漫的爱情故事、一本成功的畅销小说而已。实际上《飘》是一部值得用女性主义批评方法去解读的大师之作。在这里我将用三部分来用女性主义批评方法分析《飘》。第一部分将会是一个简短的关于作者玛格利特米切尔的简介。第二部分是介绍女性主义批评方法。第三部分是利用女性主义批评方法去解析《飘》。第四部分我们会得到论证，《飘》不光是一部供人消遣娱乐的畅销书，也是一部值得好好品读的大师作品。关键词：女性主义批评方法飘玛格利特米切尔13 Contents1.Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------1.1IntroductionofMargaretMitchell--------------------------------------------1.2IntroductionofGonewiththeWind------------------------------------------2.TheTheoreticalFoundation-----------------------------------------------------2.1FeministApproaches-----------------------------------------------------------3.FeministAnalyzeofGonewiththeWind--------------------------------------3.1ScarlettO’Hara------------------------------------------------------------------4.Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction13 GonewiththeWind,firstpublishedin1936,isa romancenovel writtenby MargaretMitchell,whoreceivedthePulitzerPrizeforFiction forthebookin1937.Thestoryissetin ClaytonCounty,Georgia and Atlanta duringthe AmericanCivilWar and Reconstruction,anddepictstheexperiencesof ScarlettO'Hara,thespoileddaughterofawell-to-doplantationowner,whomustuseeverymeansatherdisposaltocomeoutofthepovertyshefindsherselfinafter Sherman'sMarchtotheSea.Thebookisthesourceofthe1939 filmofthesamename.1.1IntroductionofMargaretMitchellMargaretMitchellwasaSouthernerandalifelongresidentandnativeof Atlanta,Georgia,whowasbornin1900intoawealthyandpoliticallyprominentfamily.Herfather,EugeneMuseMitchell,wasanattorney,andhermother,MaryIsabel"MayBelle"(or"Maybelle")Stephens,wasa suffragist.Shehadtwobrothers,RussellStephensMitchell,whodiedininfancyin1894,andAlexanderStephensMitchell,bornin1896.Mitchell'sfamilyonherfather'ssideweredescendantsofThomasMitchell,originallyof Aberdeenshire,Scotland,whosettledin WilkesCounty,Georgia in1777,andservedinthe AmericanRevolutionaryWar.Hergrandfather,RussellCrawfordMitchell,ofAtlanta,enlistedinthe ConfederateStatesArmy inJuly1861,andwaslaterseverelywoundedatthe BattleofSharpsburg.AftertheCivilWar,hemadealargefortunesupplyinglumbertorapidlybuildingAtlanta.RussellMitchellhadtwelvechildrenfromtwowives;theeldestwasEugene,whograduatedfromthe UniversityofGeorgiaLawSchool.Mitchell'smaternalgreat-grandfather,PhilipFitzgerald,emigratedfromIreland,andeventuallysettledonaslaveholdingplantationnearJonesboro,Georgia,wherehehadonesonandsevendaughterswithhiswife,Elenor.Mitchell'sgrandparents,marriedin1863,wereAnnieFitzgeraldandJohnStephens,whohadalsoemigratedfromIrelandandwasaCaptainintheConfederateStatesArmy.JohnStephenswasaprosperousrealestatedeveloperaftertheCivilWarandoneofthefoundersofthe GateCityStreetRailroad (1881),amule-drawn Atlantatrolleysystem.JohnandAnnieStephenshadtwelvechildrentogether;theseventhchildwasMayBelleStephens,whomarriedEugeneMitchell. MayBelleStephenshadstudiedattheBellevueConventinQuebecandcompletedhereducationattheAtlantaFemaleInstitute.13 1.1.1AtlantaIn1912,EugeneMitchellbuiltthefamilyhome,awhitecolumnedtwo-storyframehouseontheeastsideofPeachtreeStreetjustnorthofSeventeenthStreetinAtlanta.Pastthenearestneighbor'shousewasforestandbeyonditthe ChattahoocheeRiver.[9] PriortolivingonPeachtreeStreet,theMitchellslivedinatwo-story Victorianhouse onJacksonHill,eastofdowntownAtlanta.JacksonHillwasanold,affluentpartofthecity. AtthebottomofJacksonHillwasanareaofAfricanAmericanhomesandbusinessescalled"Darktown". MargaretMitchellwasborninhergrandmotherAnnieStephens'shouseonCainStreet,justaroundthecornerfromtheMitchells'homeonJacksonStreet.Herchildhoodwasbyallaccountsahappyone.Shewasaprecociouschildandbecameanavidreader.Shelikedtowriteactionstories.HerextendedfamilyandsurroundingsinAtlantaimmersedherinCivilWarlore.1.1.2ParentsMitchell'sparentswereinfluentialinherlife;herfatherofferedmorecriticismthanpraise,whichdroveMitchell'sindependence,andhermotherspoketobothherchildrendirectly,givingthemadviceonmattersofdrinkingandsex. OneofMitchell'smostvividmemoriesofhermotherwasawomen'ssuffrage rallyledby CarrieChapmanCatt.Margaretsatonaplatformwearinga Votes-for-Women bannerblowingkissestothegentlemenwhilehermothergaveanimpassionedspeech1.1.3TheSouth(ofherimagination)While"theSouth"existsasageographicalregionoftheUnitedStates,itisalsosaidtoexistas"aplaceoftheimagination"ofwriters.Animageof"theSouth"wasfixedinMitchell'simaginationwhenatsixyearsoldhermothertookheronabuggytourthroughruinedplantationsand"Sherman'ssentinels",thebrickandstonechimneysthatremainedafter WilliamTecumsehSherman's"March andtorch"throughGeorgia.Mitchellwouldlaterrecallwhathermotherhadsaidtoher:Shetalkedabouttheworldthosepeoplehadlivedin,suchasecureworld,andhowithadexplodedbeneaththem.Andshetoldmethatmyworldwasgoingtoexplodeunderme,someday,andGodhelpmeifIdidn'thavesomeweapontomeetthenewworld.Fromanimaginationcultivatedinheryouth,MargaretMitchell'sdefensiveweaponwouldbecomeherwriting.MitchellsaidsheheardCivilWarstoriesfromherrelativeswhenshewasgrowingup:13 OnSundayafternoonswhenwewentcallingontheoldergenerationofrelatives,thosewhohadbeenactiveintheSixties,Isatonthebonykneesofveteransandthefatslipperylapsofgreatauntsandheardthemtalk.Onsummervacations,shevisitedhermaternalgreat-aunts,MaryEllen("Mamie")FitzgeraldandSarah("Sis")Fitzgerald,whostilllivedathergreat-grandparents'plantationhomeinJonesboro.[ Mamie(1840–1926)hadbeentwenty-oneyearsoldandSis(1848–1928)thirteenwhentheCivilWarbegan.Asachild,shehadaponyandwentridingwithaConfederateveteranandayoungladyof"beau-age". SheplayedonearthenCivilWar-erafortifications.1.1IntroductionofGonewiththeWindGonewiththeWindtakesplaceinthesouthernUnitedStatesinthestateofGeorgiaduringtheAmericanCivilWar(1861–1865)andtheReconstructionEra(1865–1877)thatfollowedthewar.Thenovelunfoldsagainstthebackdropofrebellionwhereinsevensouthernstates,Georgiaamongthem,havedeclaredtheirsecessionfromtheUnitedStates(the"Union")andformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica(the"Confederacy"),afterAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresidentwithnoballotsfromtenSouthernstateswhereslaverywaslegal.Adisputeoverstates'rightshasariseninvolvingenslavedAfricanpeoplewhowerethesourceofmanuallaboroncottonplantationsthroughouttheSouth.ThestoryopensinApril1861atthe"Tara"plantation,whichisownedbyawealthyIrishimmigrantfamily,theO'Haras.ThereaderistoldScarlettO'Hara,thesixteen-year-olddaughterofGeraldandEllenO'Hara,"wasnotbeautiful,but"hadaneffectonmen,especiallywhenshetooknoticeofthem.Itisthedaybeforethemenarecalledtowar,FortSumterhavingbeenfiredontwodaysearlier.TherearebriefbutvividdescriptionsoftheSouthasitbeganandgrew,withbackgroundsofthemaincharacters:thestylishandhighbrowFrench,thegentlemanlyEnglish,theforced-to-fleeandlooked-down-uponIrish.MissScarlettlearnsthatoneofhermanybeaux,AshleyWilkes,issoontobeengagedtohiscousin,MelanieHamilton.Sheisstrickenatheart.ThefollowingdayattheWilkeses'barbecueat"TwelveOaks,"ScarlettinformsAshleysheloveshimandAshleyadmitshecaresforher.However,heknowshewouldnotbehappilymarriedtoScarlettbecauseoftheirpersonalitydifferences.ScarlettloseshertemperatAshleyandhesilentlytakesit.ThenScarlettmeetsRhettButler,amanwhohasareputationasarogue.RhetthadbeenaloneinthelibrarywhenAshleyandScarlettentered,andfeltitwisertonotmakehispresenceknownwhiletheargumenttookplace.RhettapplaudsScarlettfortheunladylikespiritshedisplayedwithAshley.Infuriatedandhumiliated,ScarletttellsRhett,"Youaren'tfittowipeAshley'sboots!"Uponleavingthelibraryandrejoiningtheotherpartyguests,shefindsoutthatwarhasbeendeclaredandthemenaregoingtoenlist.SeekingrevengeforbeingjiltedbyAshley,ScarlettacceptsaproposalofmarriagefromMelanie'sbrother,CharlesHamilton.Theymarrytwoweekslater.Charlesdiesfrommeaslestwomonthsafterthewarbegins.Scarlettispregnantwithherfirstchild.Awidowatmerely13 sixteen,shegivesbirthtoaboy,WadeHamptonHamilton,namedafterhisfather'sgeneral.Asawidow,sheisboundbytraditiontowearblackandavoidconversationwithyoungmen.Scarlettisdespondentasaresultoftherestrictionsplaceduponher.Melanie,whoislivinginAtlantawithAuntPittypat,invitesScarletttolivewiththem.InAtlanta,Scarlett'sspiritsreviveandsheisbusywithhospitalworkandsewingcirclesfortheConfederatearmy.ScarlettencountersRhettButleragainatadancefortheConfederacy.AlthoughRhettbelievesthewarisalostcause,heisblockaderunningfortheprofitinit.ThemenmustbidforadancewithaladyandRhettbids"onehundredfiftydollars-ingold"foradancewithScarlett.EveryoneatthedanceisshockedthatRhettwouldbidforScarlett,thewidowstilldressedinblack.MelaniesmoothsthingsoverbycomingtoRhett'sdefensebecauseheisgenerouslysupportingtheConfederatecauseforwhichherhusband,Ashley,isfighting.AtChristmas(1863),AshleyhasbeengrantedafurloughfromthearmyandreturnstoAtlantatobewithMelanie.ThewarisgoingbadlyfortheConfederacy.Atlantaisundersiege(September1864),"hemmedinonthreesides,"itdescendsintoadesperatestatewhilehundredsofwoundedConfederatesoldiersliedyingordeadinthecity.MelaniegoesintolaborwithonlytheinexperiencedScarletttoassist,asallthedoctorsarebusyattendingthesoldiers.Prissy,ayoungNegroservantgirl,criesoutindespairandfear,"DeYankeesiscomin!"Inthechaos,Scarlett,lefttofendforherself,criesforthecomfortandsafetyofhermotherandTara.ThetatteredConfederateStatesArmysetsflametoAtlantaastheyabandonittotheUnionArmy.MelaniegivesbirthtoaboynamedBeauregard,andnowtheymusthurryforrefuge.ScarletttellsPrissytogofindRhett,butsheisafraidto"gorunnin'roun'indedahk".ScarlettrepliestoPrissy,"Haven'tyouanygumption?"PrissythenfindsRhett,andScarlettbegshimtotakeherself,Wade,Melanie,Beau,andPrissytoTara.Rhettlaughsattheidea,butstealsanemaciatedhorseandasmallwagon,andtheyfollowtheretreatingarmyoutofAtlanta.PartwaytoTara,RhetthasachangeofheartandheabandonsScarletttoenlistinthearmy.ScarlettmakesherwaytoTarawithouthimwheresheiswelcomedonthestepsbyherfather,Gerald.Itisclearthingshavedrasticallychanged:Geraldhaslosthismind,Scarlett'smotherisdead,hersistersaresickwithtyphoidfever,thefieldslavesleftafterEmancipation,theYankeeshaveburnedallthecottonandthereisnofoodinthehouse.Thelongtiringstruggleforpost-warsurvivalbeginsthathasScarlettworkinginthefields.Therearesomanyhungrypeopletofeedandsolittlefood.ThereistheeverpresentthreatoftheYankeeswhostealandburn,andatonepoint,ScarlettkillsaYankeemarauderwithasingleshotfromCharles'spistolleaving"abloodypitwherethenosehadbeen."AlongsuccessionofConfederatesoldiersreturninghomestopatTaratofindfoodandrest.Twomenstayon,aninvalidCracker,WillBenteen,andAshleyWilkes,whosespiritisbroken.LifeatTaraslowlybeginstorecoverwhenanewthreatappearsintheformofnewtaxesonTara.Scarlettknowsonlyonemanwhohasenoughmoneytohelpherpaythetaxes,RhettButler.ShegoestoAtlantatofindhimonlytolearnRhettisinjail.Assheisleavingthejailhouse,ScarlettrunsintoFrank13 Kennedy,whoisbetrothedtoScarlett'ssister,Suellen,andrunningastoreinAtlanta.SoonrealizingFrankalsohasmoney,ScarletthatchesaplotandtellsFrankthatSuellenhaschangedhermindaboutmarryinghim.ThereafterFranksuccumbstoScarlett'sfemininecharmsandhemarrieshertwoweekslaterknowinghehasdone"somethingromanticandexcitingforthefirsttimeinhislife."AlwayswantingScarletttobehappyandradiant,FrankgivesherthemoneytopaythetaxesonTara.WhileFrankhasacoldandisbeingpamperedbyAuntPittypat,ScarlettgoesovertheaccountsatFrank'sstoreandfindsmanyofhisfriendsowehimmoney.Scarlettisnowterrifiedaboutthetaxesanddecidesmoney,alotofit,isneeded.ShetakescontrolofhisbusinesswhileheisawayandherbusinesspracticesleavemanyAtlantansresentfulofher.ThenwithaloanfromRhettshebuysasawmillandrunsthelumberbusinessherself,allveryunladylikeconduct.MuchtoFrank'srelief,Scarlettlearnssheispregnant,whichcurtailsheractivitiesforawhile.SheconvincesAshleytocometoAtlantaandmanagethemill,allthewhilestillinlovewithhim.AtMelanie'surging,Ashleytakesthejobatthemill.MelaniesoonbecomesthecenterofAtlantasociety,andScarlettgivesbirthtoagirlnamedEllaLorena."EllaforhergrandmotherEllen,andLorenabecauseitwasthemostfashionablenameofthedayforgirls."ThestateofGeorgiaisundermartiallawandlifetherehastakenonanewandmorefrighteningtone.Forprotection,ScarlettkeepsFrank'spistoltuckedintheupholsteryofthebuggy.Hertripsalonetoandfromthemilltakeherpastashantytownwherecriminalelementslive.Ononeeveningwhensheiscominghomefromthemill,Scarlettisaccostedbytwomenwhoattempttorobher,butsheescapeswiththehelpofBigSam,theformernegroforemanfromTara.Attemptingtoavengetheassaultonhiswife,FrankandtheKuKluxKlanraidtheshantytownwhereuponFrankisshotdead.Scarlettisawidowforasecondtime.Rhettputsonacharadetokeepthemenwhoparticipatedintheshantytownraidfrombeingarrested.HewalksintotheWilkeses'homewithHughElsingandAshley,singingandpretendingtobedrunk.YankeeofficersoutsidethehomequestionRhettandhetellsthemheandtheothermenhadbeenatBelleWatling'sbrothelthatevening,astoryBellelaterconfirmstotheofficers.ThemenareindebtedtoRhettforsavingthem,andhisScallawagreputationamongthemimprovesanotch,butthemen'swives,withtheexceptionofMelanie,arelividatowingtheirhusbands'livestoBelleWatling.FrankKennedyliescoldinacoffininthequietstillnessoftheparlorinAuntPittypat'shome.Scarlettisinaremorsefulstate.SheisswiggingbrandyfromAuntPitty'sswoonbottlewhenRhettcomestocall.ShetellsRhetttearfully,"I'mafraidI'lldieandgotohell,"towhichRhettreplies,"Maybethereisn'tahell."Beforeshecancryanyfurther,RhettasksScarletttomarryhimsaying,"Ialwaysintendedhavingyou,onewayoranother."[19]Scarlettdeclaresshedoesn'tlovehimanddoesn'twanttobemarriedagain.However,Rhettkissesherpassionately,andintheheatofthemomentsheagreestomarryhim.Oneyearlater,ScarlettandRhettannouncetheirengagement.Newsoftheimpendingmarriageisthetalkofthetown.Mr.andMrs.ButlerhoneymooninNewOrleans,spendinglavishly.UpontheirreturntoAtlanta,thecoupletakeupresidenceinthebridalsuiteattheNationalHotelwhiletheirnewhomeonPeachtreeStreetisbeingconstructed.ScarlettchoosesamodernSwisschaletstylehomeliketheoneshesawinHarper'sWeekly,andredwallpaper,thickredcarpetandblackwalnutfurniturefortheinterior.Rhettdescribesthehouseasan"architecturalhorror".ShortlyaftertheButlersmoveintotheirnewhome,thesardonicjabsbetweenthemturnintofull-blownquarrels.13 ScarlettwonderswhyRhettmarriedher.Then"withrealhateinhereyes"shetellsRhettsheisgoingtohaveababy,ababyshedoesnotwant.Wadeissevenyearsoldin1869whenhissister,EugenieVictoria,namedaftertwoqueens,arrivesintheworld.ShehasblueeyeslikeGeraldO'HaraandMelaniegivesherthenickname,"BonnieBlue,"inreferencetotheBonnieBlueFlagoftheConfederacy.WhenScarlettisfeelingwellagain,shemakesatriptothemillandtalkstoAshley,whoisaloneintheoffice.Intheconversationwithhim,shecomesawaybelievingAshleystilllovesherandisjealousofherintimaterelationswithRhett,whichexcitesher.ScarlettreturnshomeandtellsRhettshedoesnotwantmorechildren.Fromthenon,ScarlettandRhettsleepinseparatebedrooms,andwhenBonnieistwoyearsold,shesleepsinalittlebedbesideRhett'sbed(withthelightonallnightlongbecausesheisafraidofthedark).RhettturnshisattentiontowardsBonnie,dotesonher,spoilsher,andworriesaboutherreputationwhensheisolder.MelanieisgivingasurprisebirthdaypartyforAshley.ScarlettgoestothemilltokeepAshleythereuntilpartytime,arareopportunityforScarletttoseeAshleyalone.Whensheseeshim,shefeels"sixteenagain,alittlebreathlessandexcited."Ashleytellsherhowprettyshelooks,andtheyreminisceaboutthedayswhentheywereyoungandtalkabouttheirlivesnow.SuddenlyScarlett'seyesfillwithtearsandAshleyholdsherheadagainsthischest.TheninthedoorwayoftheofficeAshleyseesstandinghissister,IndiaWilkes.BeforethepartyhasevenbegunrumorsofanadulterousrelationshipbetweenAshleyandScarletthavestarted,andRhettandMelaniehaveheardthegossip.Melanierefusestoacceptanycriticismofhersisterin-lawandIndiaWilkesisbanishedfromtheWilkeses'homeforit,causingariftinthefamily.Rhett,moredrunkthanScarletthaseverseenhim,returnshometheeveningofthepartylongafterScarlett.Hiseyesarebloodshotandhismoodisdarkandviolent.HeenjoinsScarletttodrinkwithhim.NotwantingRhetttoknowsheisfearfulofhim,Scarlettthrowsbackadrinkandgetsupfromherchairtogobacktoherbedroom.ButRhettstopsherandpinshershoulderstothewall.ScarletttellsRhettheisjealousofAshleyandRhettaccusesScarlettof"cryingforthemoon"overAshley.HetellsScarletttheycouldhavebeenhappytogethersaying,"forIlovedyouandIknowyou."RhettthentakesScarlettinhisarmsandcarriesherupthestairstoherbedroomwherepassionenvelopsthem.ThefollowingmorningRhettleavestownwithBonnieandPrissyandstaysawayforthreemonths.Scarlettfindsherselfmissinghim,butsheisstillunsureifRhettlovesher,havingtoldhersowhenhewasdrunk.Shelearnssheispregnantwithherfourthchild.OnthedayRhettarriveshome,Scarlettwaitsforhimatthetopofthestairs.ShewondersifRhettwillkissher,buttoScarlett'sirritation,hedoesnot.Hetellshershelookspale.Scarletttellshimsheispalebecausesheispregnant.RhettsarcasticallyasksherifthefatherisAshley.ShecallsRhettacadandtellshimnowomanwouldwantababyofhis.TowhichRhettresponds,"cheerup,maybeyou'llhaveamiscarriage."Atthatcomment,ScarlettlungesatRhett,buthesidestepsandshetumblesbackwardsdownthestairs.Sheisseriouslyillforthefirsttimeinherlife,havinglostherchildandbrokenherribs.Rhettisremorseful,believinghehaskilledher.Sobbinganddrunk,RhettburieshisheadinMelanie'slapandconfesseshehadbeenajealouscad.13 Scarlett,whoisthinandpale,goestoTaratakingWadeandEllawithher,toregainherstrengthandvitalityfrom"thegreencottonfieldsofhome."WhenshereturnsahealthywomantoAtlanta,shesellsthemillstoAshley.ShefindsRhett'sattitudehasnoticeablychanged.Heissober,kinder,politeandseeminglydisinterested.ThoughshemissestheoldRhettattimes,Scarlettiscontenttoleavewellenoughalone.NowBonnieisfouryearsoldin1873.Aspiritedandwillfulchild,shehasherfatherwrappedaroundherfingerandgivingintohereverydemand.EvenScarlettisjealousoftheattentionshegetsfromhim.RhettrideshishorsearoundtownwithBonnieinfrontofhim,butthehouseholdmammy,"Mammy,"insistsitisnotfittingforagirltorideahorsewithherdressflyingup.RhettheedsMammy'swordsandbuysBonnieaShetlandpony,whomshenames"Mr.Butler,"andteacheshertoridesidesaddle.ThenRhettpaysaboynamedWashtwenty-fivecentstoteachMr.Butlertojumpoverwoodbars.WhenMr.Butlerisabletogethisfatlegsoveraonefoothighbar,RhettputsBonnieonthepony,andsoonMr.ButlerisleapingbarsandAuntMelly'srosebushes.Wearingherbluevelvetridinghabitwitharedfeatherinherblackhat,Bonniepleadswithherfathertoraisethebartooneandahalffeet.Hegivesinandraisesthebar,warninghernottocomecryingtohimifshefalls.BonnieyellstoherMother,"Watchmetakethisone!"Theponygallopstowardsthewoodbar,buttripsoveritsplinteringthewood.Mr.Butlertumblestothegroundthenscramblestohisfeetandtrotsoffwithanemptysaddle.LittleMiss"BonnieBlue"Butlerisdead.InthedarkdaysandmonthsfollowingBonnie'sdeath,Rhettisoftendrunkanddisheveled,whileScarlett,thoughdeeplygrievedalso,seemstoholdupunderthestrain.WiththeuntimelydeathofMelanieWilkesashorttimelater,RhettdecidesheonlywantsthecalmdignityofthegenialSouthheonceknewinhisyouthandheleavesAtlantatofindit.Meanwhile,Scarlettdreamsoflovethathaseludedherforsolong,butshestillhasTara,and"tomorrowisanotherday."TheTheoreticalFoundation2.1FeministApproachesFeministliterarycriticism is literarycriticism informedby feministtheory,orbythepoliticsof feminism morebroadly.Itshistoryhasbeenbroadandvaried,fromclassicworksofnineteenth-centurywomenauthorssuchas GeorgeEliot and MargaretFuller tocutting-edgetheoreticalworkin women'sstudies and genderstudies by"third-wave"authors.Inthemostgeneralandsimpleterms,feministliterarycriticismbeforethe1970s—inthe first and secondwaves offeminism—wasconcernedwiththepoliticsofwomen'sauthorshipandtherepresentationofwomen'sconditionwithinliterature.Sincethedevelopmentofmorecomplexconceptionsofgenderandsubjectivityand third-wavefeminism,feministliterarycriticismhastakenavarietyofnewroutes,namelyinthetraditionofthe FrankfurtSchool's criticaltheory.Ithasconsideredgenderinthetermsof Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis,aspartofthe deconstruction ofexistingrelationsofpower,andasaconcretepoliticalinvestment.[1] Ithas13 beencloselyassociatedwiththebirthandgrowthof queerstudies.Themoretraditionallycentralfeministconcernwiththerepresentationandpoliticsofwomen'sliveshascontinuedtoplayanactiveroleincriticism.LisaTuttle hasdefinedfeministtheoryasasking"newquestionsofoldtexts."Shecitesthegoalsoffeministcriticismas:(1)Todevelopanduncoverafemaletraditionofwriting,(2)tointerpretsymbolismofwomen'swritingsothatitwillnotbelostorignoredbythemalepointofview,(3)torediscoveroldtexts,(4)toanalyzewomenwritersandtheirwritingsfromafemaleperspective,(5)toresistsexisminliterature,and(6)toincreaseawarenessofthesexualpoliticsoflanguageandstyle.FeministAnalyzeofGonewiththeWind3.1ScarlettO’HaraCharacterdevelopmentScarlettO'Haraisnotbeautifulinaconventionalsense,asindicatedbyMargaretMitchell'sopeningline,butacharmingSouthernbellewhogrowsupontheClaytonCounty,Georgia,plantationTaraintheyearsbeforetheAmericanCivilWar.ScarlettisdescribedasbeingsixteenyearsoldattheoutbreakoftheCivilWarinApril1861,whichwouldputherapproximatebirthdateinearly1845/late1844[1].Sheistheoldestofthreedaughters.HertwoyoungersistersarethelazyandwhinySusanElinor("Suellen")andthegentleandkindCarolineIrene("Carreen").Hermotheralsogavebirthtothreeyoungersons,whowereallnamedGeraldJr.anddiedasinfants.Selfish,shrewdandvain,ScarlettinheritsthestrongwillofherIrishfatherGeraldO'Hara,butalsodesirestopleaseherwell-bred,gentleFrenchAmericanmotherEllenRobillard,fromagoodandwellrespectedSavannah,Georgia,family.Scarlettbelievesshe'sinlovewithAshleyWilkes,heraristocraticneighbor,butwhenhisengagementtohiscousin,themeekandmild-manneredMelanieHamilton,isannounced,shemarriesMelanie'sbrother,CharlesHamilton,outofspite.HernewhusbandgoestotrainwithWadeHampton'sLegionbutdieswithintwomonthsofmeasles,andneverseesbattle.ThewarprogressesandneartheendofthewartheYankeearmy,ledbytheinfamousGeneralSherman,makesitswaytoGeorgia.Scarlett'smotherdiesoftyphoidfever,andhersistersaregravelyill.TheYankeearmyburnsthefamily'sstoreofcotton,stealsthefoodandlivestock,butsparesthefamilyhome.ScarlettfleesnearbyAtlantawhereshehadbeenlivingwithMelanie,hersister-in-law,andMelanie'sauntduringthewaraheadoftheinvadingYankeearmy,expectingtoarriveatTaratobecaredforbyherparents.Insteadshefindsthehomeandlandsdamaged,andthefamilybarelysurviving.Inthefaceofhardship,thespoiledScarlettuncharacteristicallyshouldersthetroublesofherfamilyandfriends,andeventuallythenot-so-grievingwidowmarrieshersister'sbeau,FrankKennedy,inorderto13 getfundstopaythetaxesonandsaveherfamily'sbelovedhome.Herpracticalnatureleadstoawillingnesstosteponanyonewhodoesn'thaveherfamily'sbestinterestsatheart,includingherownsister.OverthecourseofthestoryScarlettshedsallherillusions—excepther"love"forAshley.Thewar'supheavalofScarlett'slifeandthetransformingchoicesshemakescanbeseenasametaphorforthechallengeslifecommonlypresentstowomen,tofaceordeny;Scarlett'sstoryparticularlyresonatedwitha1936readershipwhichhadjustgonethroughasimilarupheaval—theGreatDepression.Oneofthemostrichlydevelopedfemalecharactersofthetimeonfilmandinliterature,sherepeatedlychallengestheprescribedwomen'srolesofhertime.Asaresult,shebecomesverydislikedbythepeopleofAtlanta,Georgia.Scarlett'songoinginternalconflictbetweenherfeelingsfortheSoutherngentlemanAshleyandherattractiontothesardonic,opportunisticRhettButler—whobecomesherthirdhusband—embodiesthegeneralpositionofTheSouthintheCivilWarera.References1玛格利特米切尔[美]1994年《飘》青海出版社2维基百科词条13
