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1、Chapter1MachineToolsforRemovalProcesses:AGeneralViewL.NorbertoLópezdeLacalleandA.LamikizAbstractInthischaptermachinetoolbasicdesignprinciples,technologyhistoryandcurrentstate-of-the-arttechnologyaredescribed.Historyreferstothelasttwocenturies;nevertheless,dramati
2、cchangeshavetakenplaceoverthelasttenyears.Onebyonethemainaspectsinvolvedinmachinedesignandconstructionwillbeexplainedin-depthoverthefollowingchapters,completingageneralviewofthemachinetoolworld,makingforeasycomprehensionofthewholebook.Anewclassificationofmachines
3、forremovalprocessesisproposed,includingthenewconceptsshowninrecentindustrialfairs,suchasmulti-taskandhybridmachines.Attheend,sometypicalmachinesfortoday’simportantsectorsaredescribed.1.1BasicDefinitionsandHistoryIntheEncyclopaediaBritannicathefollowingdescription
4、formachinetoolsisgiven:anystationarypower-drivenmachinethatisusedtoshapeorformpartsmadeofmetalorothermaterials.Theshapingisaccomplishedinfourgeneralways:1.bycuttingexcessmaterialintheformofchipsfromthepart;2.byshear-ingthematerial;3.bysqueezingmetallicpartstothed
5、esiredshape;and4.byap-plyingelectricity,ultrasound,orcorrosivechemicalstothematerial.Thisdefinitionhasremainedunchangedforthelasttwohundredyearsalthoughnewadvancesinthelastfifteenyearsmaymakethefollowingdefinitionmoreappropriate(exceptforformingmachinetools):aser
6、vo-controlledspatialmechan-ismthatguidesanddrivesacuttingtoolalongacomplextrajectorycreatinganew__________________________________L.NorbertoLópezdeLacalleandA.LamikizDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityoftheBasqueCountryFacultyofEngineeringofBilbao,c/Alam
7、edadeUrquijos/n,48013Bilbao,Spain{norberto.lzlacalle,aitzol.lamikiz}@ehu.esL.N.LópezdeLacalle,A.Lamikiz,MachineToolsforHighPerformanceMachining,1©Springer20092L.NorbertoLópezdeLacalleandA.Lamikizshapeintherawmaterial.Bothdefinitionsarecomplementary;however,thelat
8、termatchesthenewmachinetoolconceptstobedevelopedintheforthcomingchap-tersbetter.Anothertraditionalandsomewhatphilosophicaldefinitionis“thema-chinetoolistheonly
