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1、ASimpleEnergyModelforWirelessMicrosensorTransceiversAbstract—Thispaperdescribesthemodellingofshortrangetransceiversformicrosensorapplications.Asimpleenergymodelisderivedandusedtoanalyzethetransceiverbatterylife.Thismodeltakesintoaccountenergydissipationduringthestart-up,receive,andtrans
2、mitmodes.Itshowsthatthereisasignificantfixedcostinthetransceiverenergyconsumptionandthisfixedcostcanbedrivendownbyincreasingthedatarateofthetransceiver.I.IntroductionWirelessmicrosensornetworkscanprovideshort-rangeconnectivitywithsignificantfaulttolerances.Thesesystemsfindusageindiverse
3、areassuchasenvironmentalmonitoring,industrialprocessautomation,andfieldsurveillance.Asanexample,TableIshowsadetailedspecificationforasensorsystemusedinafactorymachinemonitoringenvironment.Themajorcharacteristicsofamicrosensorsystemarehighsensordensity,shortrangetransmissions,andlowdatar
4、ate.Dependingontheapplication,therecanalsobestringentBERandlatencyrequirements.Duetothelargedensityandtherandomdistributednatureofthesenetworks,batteryreplacementisadifficulttask.Infact,aprimaryissuethatpreventsthesenetworkstobeusedinmanyapplicationareasistheshortbatterylife.Therefore,m
5、aximizingthebatterylifetimeofthesensornodesisimportant.Figure1showsthepeakcurrentconsumptionlimitwhena950mAhbatteryisusedastheenergysource.Asseeninthefigure,batterylifecanvarybyordersofmagnitudedependingonthedutycycleofeachoperation.Toallowforhighermaximumpeakcurrent,itisdesirabletohave
6、thesensorremainintheoff-stateforaslongaspossible.However,thelatencyrequirementofthesystemdictateshowoftenthesensorneedstobeactive.Fortheindustrialsensorapplicationdescribedabove,thesensorneedstooperateevery5mstosatisfythelatencyrequirement.Assumingthatthesensoroperatesfor100µsevery5ms,t
7、hedutycycleis2%.Toachieveaone-yearbatterylife,thepeakcurrentconsumptionmustbekeptunder5.4mA,whichtranslatestoapproximately10mWat2Vsupply.Thisisadifficulttargettoachieveforsensorsthatcommunicateatgiga-Hertzcarrierfrequencies.Therehasbeenactiveresearchinmicrosensornetworksoverthe
