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1、EncyclopediaFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaQinShiHuangdiAncestralname(姓):Ying(嬴)Clanname(氏):Zhao¹(趙)orQin²Givenname(名):Zheng(政)KingoftheQinstateDatesofreign:July246BCE–221BCEOfficialtitle:KingofQin(秦王)FirstEmperorofChinaDatesofreign:221BCE–210BCEOfficialtitle:FirstEmperor(始皇帝)Tem
2、plename:None.Posthumousname:None.DatesareintheprolepticJuliancalendar———1.AsappearsintheRecordsoftheGrandHistorianbySimaQian.Apparently,theFirstEmperorbeingbornintheStateofZhaowherehisfatherwasahostage,helateradoptedZhaoashisclanname(inancientChinaclannamesoftenchangedfromgeneratio
3、ntogeneration),butthisisnotcompletelycertain.2.BasedonancientChinesenamingpatterns,wecaninferthatQinwastheclannameoftheroyalhouseoftheStateofQin,derivedfromthenameofthestate.QinShiHuangdi(Chinese:秦始皇; pinyin:QínShǐhuáng; Wade-Giles:Ch'inShih-huang;IPA: [tɕʰinʂɨxu̯ɑŋ])(259BC–210BC),
4、[1][2]personalnameYingZheng(Chinese:嬴政; pinyin:YíngZhèng),waskingoftheChineseStateofQinfrom246BCto221BCduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.[3]HebecamethefirstemperorofaunifiedChinain221BC.[3]Heruleduntilhisdeathin210BCattheageof50.[4]QinShiHuangisapivotalfigureinChinesehistory.Afterunifyi
5、ngChina,heandhischiefadvisorLiSipassedaseriesofmajoreconomicandpoliticalreforms.[3]Heundertookgiganticprojects,includingthefirstversionoftheGreatWallofChina,thenowfamouscity-sizedmausoleumguardedbyalife-sizedTerracottaArmy,andamassivenationalroadsystem,allattheexpenseofnumerouslive
6、s.Toensurestability,QinShiHuangoutlawedandburnedmanybooks.[4]§NameofShiHuangdiTitlemeaningDuringtheprecedingZhouDynasty(700BC-221BC),laterrulersoftheindependentstatesofChinabyconventionusedthetitle“King”(Chinese:王; pinyin:Wáng).FollowinghisdefeatofthelastoftheWarringStatesin221BC,K
7、ingZhengofQinbecamedefactorulerofallChina.Tocelebratethisachievementandconsolidatehispowerbase,KingZhengcreatedanewtitlecallinghimselftheFirstSovereignQinEmperor(Chinese:秦始皇帝; pinyin:QínShǐHuángdì; Wade-Giles:QingShihHuang-di),oftenshortenedtoQinShiHuang(Chinese:秦始皇; pinyin:QínShǐH
8、uáng; Wade-Giles:QingShih-
