国际经济学复习要点(修改)

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1、Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage：Inatwo-nation,two-productworld,internationaltradeandspecializationwillbebeneficialwhenonenationhasanabsolutecostadvantageinonegoodandtheothernationhasanabsolutecostadvantageintheothergood.Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage：Themoreeffic

2、ientnationshouldspecializeinandexportthegoodsinwhichitisre-lativelymoreefficient.Thelessefficientnationshouldspecializeinandexportthegoodsinwhichitisrelativelylessin-efficient.Opportunitycost：opportunitycostistheamountofagood–machine-thatmustbegivenuptoreleasee

3、noughresourcestoproduceanothergood-cloth.termsoftrade：itmeasurestherelationshipbetweenthepricesanationgetsforitsexportsandthepricesitpaysforitsimports.termsoftrade=(exportspricesindex)/(importspricesindex)×100%Thetheoryofreciprocaldemandsuggeststhattheactualint

4、ernationalexchangeratioatwhichtradetakesplacedependsoneachtradingpartner’sinteractingdemands.Thereciprocaldemandtheoryindicatesthatthefinalinternationalexchangeratiodependsontherelativestrengthofeachcountry’sdemandfortheothercountry’sproduct.Iftwocountriesareof

5、unequal(populationandincome),itispossiblethatthelargercountry’sdemandwouldbegreaterthanthesmallercountry’sdemand.Asaresult,thesmallercountrygainsfromthanthelargercountry.thefactor-proportionstheory:TheH-Otheorystatesthatacounty’scomparativeadvantageisdetermined

6、byitsinitialresourceentertainment.；Acountrywillhaveacomparativeadvantageingoodswhoseintensivelyusesitsrelativelyabundantfactorofproduction.Acountrywillhaveacomparativedisadvantageingoodswhoseintensivelyusesitsrelativelyscarcefactorofproduction.factor-endowment：

7、showsamountofthefactorsofproductioninacountryrelativetotheothercountry,suchaslabor,land,naturalresources.Itcanbedenotedbycapital-to-laborratioorK/L.Ifacountryhasalargercapital-to-laborratiothananothercountry,thecountryisarelativelycapital-abundantcountry.Anothe

8、rcountryisarelativelylabor-abundantcountry.Factor-priceequalizationtheorem：statesthatinternationaltradewouldequalizefactorpricesbetweencountries.Assuch,inthelongrun,thereisa