初中英语复习10--被动语态

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1、初中英语复习--被动语态ltzzjr一．被动语态的含义：英语动词的语态有两种-----主动语态和被动语态当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。二．被动语态的构成：be+过去分词构成。被动语态的时态通过be表现出来。以“watch”为例，各时态谓语动词的主动和被动时态名称主动被动一般现在watch/watches_____________watched一般过去watched_____________watched一般将来am/is/aregoingtowatchwillw

2、atch_________________watched_________________watched现在进行am/is/arewatching_________________watched过去进行was/werewatching___________watched现在完成have/haswatched_______________watched过去完成hadwatched_______________watched三．被动语态的变化方式Heplantstreesinspring.321Treesareplanted（byhi

3、m）inspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。1.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.Bowls________________byhisbrothereveryday.2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes_______________________________inthatfactory.3.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.Theroom__________________________byT

4、om.4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers_______________________________lastterm.5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．Gina______________________________________byAmy.6.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Thework_____________________(bythem)intendays.7.Someworkersarepaintingth

5、eroomsnow．Therooms________________________________someworkersnow.8.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys_______________________byus.9.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework_________________________(byme)at8:00lastnight.被动变化中应注意的问题：1.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+p

6、rep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏或隔开。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.→Thebabymustbetakencareof.2.在主动中省“to”的动词不定式在被动中要加“to”.Theteachermadehimstandfortwohours.Hewasmadetostandfortwohours(bytheteacher).这类动词有：A:使役动词：let/make/havesb.doB:感观动词：see/watch/hear/feel/noticesb.do3.含双宾语动词的

7、变化Shegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabook.Abookwasgiventome.Hemadeherakit.Shewasmadeakite.Akitewasmadeforher.总结：将双宾语中表示物的宾语变为被动的主语后，表人的宾语要用“to”或“for”连接。A.bring,give,lend,pass,send,show,tell,write,offer-----toB.buy,get,make,sing-----for4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sin

8、k;fall等）eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago.(改错)四何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．En