31、t
32、≥21-2π通信原理附录C随机变量函数的概率密度已知随机变量X1,X2的联合概率密度pX,X(x1,x2),且随机变量Y1,Y2为X1,12X2的函
33、数:Y1=f1(X1,X2)Y2=f2(X1,X2)(C.1)反函数为多值函数:X1=φ1(Y1,Y2)X2=φ2(Y1,Y2)(C.2)具有若干多值区:X1=φ11(Y1,Y2)X1=φ21(Y1,Y2)X2=φ12(Y1,Y2)X2=φ22(Y1,Y2)(C.3)平面(x1,x2)和(y1,y2)的对应关系示于附图C.1,附图C.2。附图C.1附图C.2由附图C.1、附图C.2和式(C.1)、式(C.2)、式(C.3)可见,概率P[A(y1,y2)∈dS]=P[B(x1,x2)∈dS1或B(x1,x2)∈dS2或B(x1,x2)∈dS3⋯]根据
34、不相容事件概率相加法,则有P[A(y1,y2)∈dS]=P[B(x1,x2)∈dS1]+P[B(x1,x2)∈dS2]+P[B(x1,x2)∈dS3]+⋯(C.4)由式(C.4)得pYY(y1,y2)dS=pXX(x11,x21)dS1+pXX(x12,x22)dS2+121212pXX(x13,x23)dS3+⋯(C.5)12dS1pYY(y1,y2)=pXX(x11,x21)+1212dSdS2dS3pXX(x12,x22)+pXX(x13,x23)+⋯(C.6)12dS12dS·510·附录由数学理论可知,平面(x1,x2)上的小面积dSK与
35、平面(y1,y2)上的对应小面积dS之比称为雅可比,通常以J表示。x1x2dSKy1y1(x1,x2)J===(C.7)dSx1x2(y1,y2)y2y2且有(x1,x2)1=(C.8)(y1,y2)(y1,y2)(x1,x2)据式(C.6)和(C.7)得(x11,x21)(x12,x22)pYY(y1,y2)=pXX(x11,x21)+pXX(x12,x22)1212(y1,y2)12(y1,y2)(x13,x23)+pXX(x13,x23)+⋯(C.9)12(y1,y2)如果(Y1,Y2)和(X1,X2)之间为一一对应关系(单值函数),则有(x
36、1,x2)pYY(y1,y2)=pXX(x1,x2)1212(y1,y2)=pXX[(x1(y1,y2),x2(y1,y2