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1、TheSubjunctiveMood(虚拟式)——外语系09级师范二班04号李源虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟式仅有两个形式:1、be-型虚拟式(BE-Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式(WERE-Sub-junctive)。TheSubjunctiveMood☞TheSubjunctiveMood:1、be-型虚拟式(BE-Subjunctive);2、were-型虚拟式
2、(WERE-Subjunctive)。✎Exercises:PartⅠPartⅡPartⅢⅠ、be-型虚拟式的主要用法:⒈用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中。例如:①.Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.②.Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.③.TheboardhasgiveninstrustionsthattheagentflytoBoston.2、用于由if,though,whatever,lest,solongas等引导的分句中。表示推测让步,防备等含
3、义。例如:Ifhebefoundguilty,Johnshallhavetherightofappeal.上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体,在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者should/may+不定式。例如:Iftherumouristrue,every-thingispossible.3、用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如:LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!(该死的!)Heavendamnyou!(天理不容!)Deviltakehim!(混蛋!)Sobeit!(但愿如此/就这样吧。)Ⅱ
4、、were-型虚拟式的主要用法:1.常用于由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中,表示非真实的条件或让步。例如:IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.2、常用于wish,would,rather,suppose,imagine之后的that-分句中,表示一种臆想的情况。例如:Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.I’dratherIwerenotatthesiteoftheaccid
5、ent.上述were-型虚拟式在第一、三人称单数主语之后可为was所取代。例如:Ifitwastorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfonlyIwasnotsonervous!但是,在ifIwereyou这一分句中,通常倾向于用were,而不用was。另外,在某些倒装结构中只用were,不用was。例如:WereItodoit(=IfIweretodoit),Ishouldrelyonyou.还有,在asitwere(作sotospeak解,即“宛如”、“好比”)结构中也只用were,不用was。例如:Heismybestfriend,mysec
6、ondself,asitwere.Exercise:ⅠRewritethefollowing,usingbe-subjunctive.1.Sheinsistsonhistakinghisvacationnow.2.Ihadrecommendedhimtobeplacedinamoreresponsibleposition.Sheinsiststhathetakehisvacationnow.Ihadrecommendedthathebeplacedinamoreresponsibleposition.3.Isuggestedhisfinishingupthatpro
7、-jectquickly.4.Idemandedhisaccompanyingmetothehearing(听证会).Isuggestedthathefinishingupthatprojectquickly.Idemandedthatheaccompanyingmetothehearing.5.Thegeneralcommandedthesoldierstoadvanceimmediately.Thegeneralcommandedthatthesoldiersadvanceimmediately.ⅡPuttheverbsinbracketsintothepr