《人胚胎早期发生》PPT课件

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1、Generalembryology(I)1.Langman'sMedicalEmbryologywithSimbryoCD-ROM,LippincottWilliams&WilkinsPublishers9thEdition2.高英茂主编，《组织胚胎学》，全国八年制教材，人民卫生出版社，20063.邹仲之，李继承主编，组织学与胚胎学，人民卫生出版社，20084.组胚精品课程网站：http://www.zjubiolab.zju.edu.cn/hec/index.doOBJECTIVES1.说明受精的过程和意

2、义。2.试述胚胎植入的定义、过程、部位以及植入后的子宫蜕膜分部。3.试述两胚层胚盘的形成过程和组成。4.三胚层胚盘的形成和初步分化。5.胎膜、蜕膜及胎盘的结构与功能。asciencewhichstudytheprocessesandregulationsofdevelopmentofhumanfetus.(from1cell(zygote合子)to(5-7)x1012cells)total38weeks:preembryonicperiod（胚前期）:before2weeksembryonicperiod（

3、胚期）:3-8weeksfetalperiod（胎儿期）:after9weeksFertilization（受精）Definition:theprocessbywhichthemaleandfemalegametes(spermandovum)unitetogiverisetozygotesite:intheampullaryregion（壶腹部）oftheoviductconditions:1) maturationofoocyte2)  maturationofspermatozoa3)capacita

4、tion（获能）andacrosomereaction（顶体反应）ofspermatozoacapacitationfactor:secretedbyepi.cellsofoviduct,capacityofreleasingacrosomeenzymes4)qualityandquantityofspermatozoa:2-6ml,100,000,000/ml,<1.5ml;or<10,000,000;abnormalsperm>30%;orcapacityformobile<70%5)meetingof

5、spermandovumwithin24hrsProcessesoffertilization:PhaseIPenetrationofthecoronaradiata（放射冠）,acrosomalreleasePhaseIIPenetrationofthezonapellucide（透明带）ZPwithreceptors–zonapellucidaspongy–thereleaseoflocalenzymesPhaseIIIEntrance,formationofzygoteEntry–responseCo

6、rticalorzonareactions-Compaction-impermeabletomorespermOocytefinishes2ndmeioticdivisionMetabolicactivationoftheeggResultsoffertilizationDiploidGeneticsexCleavageCleavage（卵裂）MitosisTwocellstage(30h)Morula（桑椹胚）(72h)innercellmassembryoblastoutercellrimtrophob

7、lastsBlastocyst（胚泡）(5d)BlastocoeleThecellsofmorulasecretefluidZonapellucidedisappearsBlastocyst（胚泡）innercellmassblastocoeletrophoblasts（滋养层）（胚泡腔）（内细胞群）Puberty–menstruation(28days)HormonalregulationGnRHFSHLHGranulosa/thecacellsEstrogensProgesteronesTheendom

8、etriumoftheuterusisinthesecretoryphaseUterusatTimeofImplantationImplantation（植入）-PassagethroughtheuterinetubeDay5–Day11UterusOrientationofimplantationLocation-antorpost,fundusTrophoblastsoverlyingtheembryobla