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1、被动语态目录被动语态的构成被动语态的使用要点同学们的问题练习题一.构成英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,其构成为be+过去分词。eg.Theywillwidentheroad.(主动)Theroadwillbewidened.(被动)一般时态进行时完成时现在amisaskedareamisbeingaskedarehasbeenaskedhave过去wasaskedwerewasbeingaskedwerehadbeenasked将来shallwillsh
2、allhavebeenaskedwill过去将来shouldbeaskedwouldshouldhavebeenaskedwould(一)1被动语态各种时态形式表2情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的谓语变为被动态时,结构为:一般形式:情态动词(can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need等)+be+过去分词完成式:情态动词(can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need等)+have+过去分词eg.Thiscanbedonebyhand.Theprojectm
3、ighthavebeencompletedearlier..Theyshouldn’thavebeentoldabouttheplan.3祈使句的被动态(1)肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为:let+宾语+be+过去分词(2)否定祈使句的被动语态结构为:don’tlet+宾语+be+过去分词=let+宾语+not+be+过去分词eg.Letusdoitatonce.(Letitbedoneatonce.)Don’tforgettowatertheflowers.(Letitnotbeforgottentowatertheflowers.
4、=Don’tlettheflowersbeforgottentobewatered.)Note:1.疑问代词作主语时,改为被动语态要用“By+特殊疑问句”结构eg.Whoinventedthemachine?(Bywhomwasthemachineinvented?)2.疑问代词作宾语时,改为被动语态要用疑问代词作主语eg.Whathaveyoudonetoimprovethequality?(Whathasbeendonebyyoutoimprovethequality?)3反问疑问词改为被动语态时,把宾语改为主语eg.Heca
5、njumpoverthewall,can’the?(Thewallcanbejumpedoverbyhim,can’tit?二被动语态的使用要点1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,belongto,breakout,takeplace等都属于此类动词Eg.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.(正确)2.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中有些动词
6、(短语动词)表示某种状态或情况,有“拥有,容纳,适合,缺少,明白”等意,这类动词不能用于被动语态,常见的有:lack,fit,mean,hold,have,cost,resemble(与….相似),last,become,contain,fail等。Eg.Thebookcosts10yuan.HermotherisresemblebyJane.(误)Janeresembleshermother.(正)Note:(1)当have作吃,接受,经历,度过解时,虽然用作行为动词,但一般不用于被动语态。eg.Thechildrenhadam
7、ostenjoyableholiday.(正)Amostenjoyableholidaywashadbythechildren.(误)(2)但当have作得到,获得,欺骗解,或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时,可用于被动语态。eg.Shehasbeenhadinthedealing(overthebargain).Theticketcanbehadfortheasking.票索要即可。3.某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的这类词有:bake,owe(欠),brew,cook,print,bind(绑),do等。eg.
8、Themeatiscooking.Theteaisbrewing.Anewfilmisshowingintown.4.词组动词的被动态(1)一般词组动词的被动态词组动词有三种基本形式,即“动词+介词”、“动词+副词小品词”、“动词+副词小品词+介词