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1、ThedangersofObama’sincrementalismItisdifficulttofindanyoneintheObamaadministrationwhobelievesthatputtingupto50SpecialOperationssoldiersonthegroundinSyriawillmakemuchofadifferenceintheragingcivilwarthere.Andyet,thepresidenthasauthorizedthisexpansionofAmerica’smilitaryinterventionforthesamereasonsthat
2、hehasapprovedincrementalescalationsforthepastyearandahalf.Hebelieveshehastodo something .Butwhatheisdoingwillnotwork.Andinafewmonths,theUnitedStateswillfacethechallengeagain—backdownordoubledown.Sofar,PresidentObamahasrespondedeachtimewithincreasedintervention.TheUnitedStates’militaryinvolvementagai
3、nsttheIslamicState beganinJune2014 withthelimiteddeploymentof275soldierstoprotecttheU.S.EmbassyinBaghdad. Withintwomonths thathadexpandedtomorethan1,000militarypersonnel,inparttosupporttheembattledYazidis.By November2014,Washingtonhaddecidedtosend1,500moretroopsto“train,adviseandassist”theKurdsandth
4、eIraqiarmy.Ina smartpiece forForeignPolicy,MicahZenkoprovidesatimelineofthisescalation.Henotesthat“whatbeganAug.8,2014,with25airstrikesinthefirstweekandfoodandwaterairdroppedtosavethreatenedYazidis,hasmorphedandexpandedinto600bombsbeingdroppedperweekandmorethan100bundlesofammunitionsuppliedtoanunnam
5、edfactionof5,000Syrianrebels.”AndthiswasbeforetheSpecialOperationsforcesweresenttoSyria.Andyet,thestrengthoftheIslamicStatedoesnotappeartobemuchdiminished,evenbytheadministration’saccount.Thisishardlysurprising.TheSyrianstruggleiscomplexandferocious,withmanyoutsidepowers—SaudiArabia,Turkey,Iran,nowR
6、ussia—aidingmanydifferentgroups,withsupposedalliesoftenatcross-purposeswitheachother.It’sdifficulttoseehowamodestU.S.interventionwouldshiftthatlandscape.ThebestbookabouttheVietnamWarremains“TheIronyofVietnam:TheSystemWorked”byLeslieGelbandRichardBetts.TheauthorsexplainthattheKennedyandJohnsonadminis
7、trationsneverbelievedthattheirinterventionswouldsucceed:“Eachtimetheyturnedtheratchetofescalationupanothernotchtheydidnotbelievethattheincreasewouldprovidevictoryintheclassicsenseofdecisivedefeatofthe
