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1、2.1ResourcesandIndustrialisminCanadaWhilethemuch-anticipatedexpansionofthewesternfrontierwasunfoldinginaccordancewiththedesignoftheNationalPolicy,anewnorthernfrontierwasopeninguptoenhancetheprospectsofCanadianindustrialdevelopment.Longthepreserveofthefur
2、trade,theCanadianShieldandthewesternCordillerasbecameatreasuryofminerals,timberandhydroelectricpowerinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Asearlyas1883,CPR[CanadianPacificRailway]constructioncrewsblastingthroughtheruggedterrainofnorthernOntariodiscoveredcop
3、perandnickeldepositsinthevicinityofSudbury.Asrefiningprocesses,uses,andmarketsforthemetaldeveloped,Sudburybecametheworld’slargestnickelproducer.ThebuildingoftheTemiskamingandNorthernOntarioRailwayledtothediscoveryofrichsilverdepositsaroundCobaltnorthofLa
4、keNipissingin1903andtouchedoffaminingboomthatspreadnorthwardtoKirklandLakeandthePorcupinedistrict.Althoughtheeconomicimportanceoftheseminingoperationswasenduring,theydidnotcapturethepublicimaginationtothesameextentastheKlondikegoldrushofthelate1890s.Fort
5、une-seekersfromallpartsoftheworldflockedtotheKlondikeandYukonRivervalleystopanforgoldstartingin1896.Attheheightofthegoldrushin1898,thepreviouslyunsettledsubarcticfrontierhadapopulationofabout30,000,morethanhalfofwhichwasconcentratedinthenewlyestablishedt
6、ownofDawson.Inthesameyear,thefederalgovernmentcreatedtheYukonTerritory,administeredbyanappointedcommissioner,inanefforttowardofftheprospectofannexationtoAlaska.EveniftheeconomicsignificanceoftheKlondikestrikewassomewhatexaggeratedandshort-lived,thetaleso
7、fsuddenriches,heroicandtragicexploits,andtherowdinessandlawlessnessoftheminingfrontierwereimmortalizedthroughpopularfictionandfolklore,notablythepoeticversesofRobertW.Service.Perhapslessromanticthantheminingbooms,theexploitationofforestandwaterresourcesw
8、asjustasvitaltonationaldevelopment.TheDouglasfir,spruce,andcedarstandsofBritishColumbiaalongwiththewhitepineforestsofOntariosatisfiedconstructiondemandsonthetreelessprairiesaswellasinthegrowingcitiesandtownsofcentralCanada
