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1、《传染病学》双语教学讲义INTRODUCTIONOFCOMMUNICABLEDISEASES浙江大学医学院传染病学教研室阮冰整编19IntroductionofCommunicableDiseasesRUANBingCommunicablediseasesarecausedbyvariouspathogensincludingmicroorganisms(e.g.prion,virus,chlamydia,rickettsia,bacteria,fungus,spirochete)andparasites(e.g.protozoaandhelminth).Theymaybetransmitte
2、dtoothersasinfectionandspreadinthepopulationasepidemic,thereforetheyarethediseaseswithhighmorbidity.Manyofthemmaybepreventedandeffectivelytreated.InChina,greatchangehastakeninpreventionandtreatmentofinfectiousdiseases.Before1949,manypestilenceswererampant,suchasplague,smallpox,malaria,schistosomiasi
3、sandkala-azar.AfterthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublic,wehavecarriedouttheprincipleofpreventionfirst,launchedwithvasteffortsthepatriotichealthcampaigns,strengthenedourworkoninfectiousdiseasespreventionandbuildingofhealthinfrastructure.Asaresult,healthsituationinbothtownandcountryhastakenonanewlook,andpe
4、oplehealthhasbeenimprovedgreatly.Nowmanyclassicalinfectiousdiseaseshavebeencontrolledanderadicated,suchassmallpox,poliomyelitis,plague,cholera,andmeasles,butsomeinfectiousdiseasesarestillpopular,suchasviralhepatitis,HFRS(hemorrhagicfeverwithrenalsyndrome),infectiousdiarrhea,andsoon.Meanwhile,somere-
5、emerginginfectiousdiseasessuchassyphilisandtuberculosisarere-appeared,andemerginginfectiousdiseasessuchasAIDS(acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome),SARS(severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,namelyinfectiousatypicalpneumonia),andinfectionscausedbyresistantmutantsarearisen.19Section1Infectionandimmunity1.1Conce
6、ptionofinfectionInfectionreferstointeractionbetweenpathogenandhost.Undernormalcircumstances,humanbeinglivesindelicatedynamicbalancewiththemicroorganismsofinternalandexternalenvironments.Whenthisbalanceisupset,organismsmaypenetrateasequenceofhostdefensivebarriers(e.g.skin,mucousmembrane),proliferatea
7、nddisseminateinthehosttocausedisease.It’scalled“infection”.Tounderstandtheinteractionbetweenmicroorganismandhost,thedifferencebetweeninfectionandinfectiousdiseasemustbeappreciated.Infectionimpliesonly
