[工程学-无尽的前沿-英文版]Engineering-EndlessFrontier

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1、ENGINEERING—ANENDLESSFRONTIERENGINEERING—ANENDLESSFRONTIERSunnyY.AuyangHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts&London,England2004Copyright©2004bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataA

2、uyang,SunnyY.Engineering:anendlessfrontier/SunnyY.Auyang.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-674-01332-8(alk.paper)1.Engineering.I.Title.TA157.A962004620dc222003057123CONTENTSPrefacevii1.INTRODUCTION12.TECHNOLOGYTAKESOFF92.1FromPracticalArttoTechnology92.2ConstructionB

3、ecomesMathematical222.3ExperimentingwithMachines322.4ScienceandChemicalIndustries442.5PowerandCommunication593.ENGINEERINGFORINFORMATION703.1FromMicroelectronicstoNanotechnology703.2ComputerHardwareandSoftware823.3Wireless,Satellites,andtheInternet984.ENGINEERSINSOCIETY1144.1SocialAsce

4、ntandImagesofEngineers1144.2PartnershipinResearchandDevelopment1284.3ContributionstoSectorsoftheEconomy141viCONTENTS5.INNOVATIONBYDESIGN1515.1InventiveThinkinginNegativeFeedback1515.2DesignProcessesinSystemsEngineering1665.3WorkingTogetherinAircraftDevelopment1765.4FromOnboardComputers

5、toDoorHinges1926.SCIENCESOFUSEFULSYSTEMS2026.1MathematicsinEngineeringandScience2026.2InformationandControlTheories2166.3WindTunnelsandInternetSimulation2286.4IntegrativeMaterialsEngineering2386.5BiologicalEngineeringFrontiers2477.LEADERSWHOAREENGINEERS2567.1BusinessLeadersintheCarIndu

6、stry2567.2PublicPoliciesandNuclearPower2727.3ManagingTechnologicalRisks285AppendixA.StatisticalProfilesofEngineers300AppendixB.U.S.ResearchandDevelopment306Notes310Index336PREFACETalkingonthephonewhilecruisingdownthefreewayatsixty-fivemilesperhour,wetakeforgrantedthetechnologiesthatmakep

7、ossiblemanyofourdailyactivities.Yetperhapsinsomeraremoment,parkedatadesolateplaceandlookingatthetinydevicebywhichyouvejusttalkedtoalovedonehundredsofmilesaway,questionshaveflashedthroughyourmind:Whatdoesitmeantome?Howdoesitwork?Howdotheymakeit?Theyaremostlyengineers.Thisbookexplainsho