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1、本篇阅读材料“孕妇暴露于受污染空气将增加孩子发胖几率”选自《时代》（原文标题：ExposuretoAirPollutioninPregnancyMayBoostChancesofObesityinKids2012.4.17）。如果大家觉得比较简单，就当作泛读材料了解了解，认识几个新单词或新表达方式也不错。如果大家觉得这些材料理解上有难度，不妨当做挑战自己的拔高训练，希望大家都有进步^^It’seasytoblameparentswhenyoungchildrengaintoomuchweight,butthe
2、latestresearchsuggeststhatcertainobesityriskfactorsareoutofMomandDad’scontrol.InastudypublishedthisweekintheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology,scientistsattheMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthatColumbiaUniversityfoundthatexposuretoairpollutionduringpregnancymaybeassoci
3、atedwithagreaterchanceofhavingheavierkids.AndrewRundle,anassociateprofessorofepidemiology,decidedtostudyairpollutionbecausehewascuriousabouttherolethatenvironmentalchemicalsknownasendocrinedisruptors—compoundsthatincludeBPA,phthalatesandparabens—playindeter
4、miningweight.Endocrinedisruptors,whichmimicnaturallyoccurringhormoneslikeestrogeninthebodyandinterferewithsomedevelopmentalandmetabolicfunctions,arealsofoundinairpollution;animalstudieshaveshownthatmiceexposedtoestrogen-likecompoundsinairpollutiongainmorewe
5、ightthanunexposedmice.Rundleandhiscolleaguessetabouttrackingairpollutionexposurein702womenintheirthirdtrimesterofpregnancy,byequippingthemwithairmonitorstuckedintobackpacks.Thewomenworethebackpacksfor48hours,exceptwhilesleepingorshowering,measuringlevelsofp
6、olycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs),endocrine-disruptingchemicalsfoundincigarettesmokeandcarexhaust.Thewomen,whowererecruitedfromtheuniversityhospital’sNewYorkCityclinics,livedintheneighboringarea,includingtheBronxandnorthernManhattan—areasthathaveheavycart
7、rafficbutarenotknowntohaveunusualamountsofindustry-relatedpollution.ChildrenborntomotherswiththehighestPAHlevelsduringtheirthirdtrimesterhada79%greaterriskofbecomingobese,comparedwithchildrenborntomomswiththelowestPAHlevels.Byage7,theriskwasevenhigher—moret
8、han2.25timesgreater.Previousstudieshavelinkedairpollutiontoincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandstroke,andRundle’scolleagueshaveshownthatPAHexposureduringpregnancycanalsoincreasetheriskofbehavioralproblemsinc
