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1、作者HenryJames, OM (15April1843–28February1916)wasanAmerican-bornBritishwriter,regardedasoneofthekeyfiguresof19th-century literaryrealism.Hewasthesonof HenryJames,Sr. andthebrotherofphilosopherandpsychologist WilliamJames anddiarist AliceJames.Jamesalt
2、ernatedbetweenAmericaandEuropeforthefirst20yearsofhislife,afterwhichhesettledinEngland,becominga Britishsubject in1915,oneyearbeforehisdeath.HeisprimarilyknownfortheseriesofnovelsinwhichheportraystheencounterofAmericanswithEuropeandEuropeans.Hismetho
3、dofwritingfromthepointofviewofacharacterwithinataleallowshimtoexploreissuesrelatedto consciousnessand perception,andhisstyleinlaterworkshasbeencomparedto impressionistpainting.Jamescontributedsignificantlyto literarycriticism,particularlyinhisinsiste
4、ncethatwritersbeallowedthegreatestpossiblefreedominpresentingtheirviewoftheworld.Jamesclaimedthatatextmustfirstandforemostberealisticandcontainarepresentationoflifethatisrecognisabletoitsreaders.Goodnovels,toJames,showlifeinactionandare,mostimportant
5、ly,interesting.Theconceptofagoodorbadnovelisjudgedsolelyuponwhethertheauthorisgoodorbad.Hisimaginativeuseof pointofview,interiormonologue andpossibly unreliablenarrators inhisownnovelsandtalesbroughtanewdepthandinterestto narrative fiction.Anextraord
6、inarilyproductivewriter,inadditiontohisvoluminousworksoffictionhepublishedarticlesandbooksof travel,biography,autobiography,and criticism,andwroteplays,someofwhichwereperformedduringhislifetimewithmoderatesuccess.Histheatricalworkisthoughttohaveprofo
7、undlyinfluencedhislaternovelsandtales.StyleandthemesJamesisoneofthemajorfiguresof trans-Atlantic literature.Hisworksfrequentlyjuxtaposecharactersfromthe OldWorld (Europe),embodyingafeudalcivilizationthatisbeautiful,oftencorrupt,andalluring,andfromthe
8、 NewWorld (UnitedStates),wherepeopleareoftenbrash,open,andassertive andembodythevirtues—freedomandamorehighlyevolvedmoralcharacter—ofthenewAmericansociety.Jamesexploresthisclashofpersonalitiesandcultures,instoriesofpersonalrelationshipsinwhichpoweris
