语法-软件四级辅导

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1、被动语态：被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成.被动语态可用于各种时态,但较常用的有下列十种:1)现在一般时XiaoWang,youarewantedintheoffice.Iamnotsoeasilydeceived.2)过去一般时Iwasinvitedtotheconcert.Ourhousewasbuiltin1998.1)将来一般时Wehopethatanagreementwillbearrivedat.Thismatterwillbelookedintointhefuture.4)过去将来一般时Hesai

2、dthatthebridgewouldbebuiltnextyear.Anotherhalf-houralldoorswouldbelocked.5)现在完成时Mycarhasbeenrepaired.Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear.6)过去完成时Thepaintingthathungoverthesofahadbeentakendownforthesummer.Jacklookedatthelanternsthathadbeenlightedandplacednearthegat

3、e.7)将来完成时Thenewbookswillhavebeenenteredintheregisterbeforeanotherparcelarrives.(这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。)ThisclasswillhavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyeasbynextsummer.8)过去将来完成时Thesecretarysaidthearticlewouldhavebeentranslatedbysixo’clock.Hesaidthatthebridgewouldhavebeencom

4、pletedbeforeJuly.9)现在进行时Thisquestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.10)过去进行时WhenIcalled,teawasbeingserved.(我来拜访时，正值上茶之际。)Withhisfingers,hegentlysearchedthemobilephoneinhisbagtobesureitwasn’tbeingcrushed.(他用手指轻轻地摸找包里的手机，以肯定它没有被

5、压坏。)被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外，还可用“get+过去分词结构”。这种结构多用在口语中，后面一般不接by短语。如：Hundredsofpeoplegetkilledeveryyearbytrafficontheroads.被动语态可含有情态动词，其结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如：What’sdonecannotbeundone.(覆水难收)Crosstheroadverycarefully.Lookbothways,oryoumightbeknockeddown.不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词

6、也有被动语态。如：Manyinterestingexperimentsarecarriedoutinourlab.Boxingwasgoneinforhereintheearly1950’s.(20世纪50年代初期，这里拳击很盛行。)被动语态的用法：1）当我们不知道动作的执行者时。如：PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everythinghasbeentakenaway.1）当我们不必要提出动作的执行者时。如：Iwasbornin

7、1990.Suchthingsarenotdonetwice.2）当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者时。如：Sheislikedbyeverybody.(强调she)Agoodtimewashadbyall.(侧重agoodtime)被动结构中的by短语并不一定总是代表动作的执行者，它有时也可表方式或原因。如：Apolicemanisknownbytheclotheshewears.(警察可以从他穿的服装认出来。)Iwasverymuchflatteredbyhisaskingmetodanceasecondtime.（我对他再次

8、请我跳舞感到十分高兴。）3）当我们出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。如：Wherecanyoubereached?(哪里可以和你接头？)You’llbecontacted.(我们会和你联系的。)1）当我们出于行文的需要时。如：ThefilmwasdirectedbyXieJin.(上文谈的是