操作系统概念(第七版_英文版)ch1

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1、Chapter1:IntroductionChapter1:IntroductionWhatOperatingSystemsDoComputer-SystemOrganizationComputer-SystemArchitectureOperating-SystemStructureOperating-SystemOperationsProcessManagementMemoryManagementStorageManagementProtectionandSecurityDistributedSystemsSpecial-PurposeSystemsComputingEnviron

2、mentsObjectivesToprovideagrandtourofthemajoroperatingsystemscomponentsToprovidecoverageofbasiccomputersystemorganizationWhatisanOperatingSystem?Aprogramthatactsasanintermediarybetweenauserofacomputerandthecomputerhardware.Operatingsystemgoals:Executeuserprogramsandmakesolvinguserproblemseasier.M

3、akethecomputersystemconvenienttouse.Usethecomputerhardwareinanefficientmanner.ComputerSystemStructureComputersystemcanbedividedintofourcomponentsHardware–providesbasiccomputingresourcesCPU,memory,I/OdevicesOperatingsystemControlsandcoordinatesuseofhardwareamongvariousapplicationsandusersApplicat

4、ionprograms–definethewaysinwhichthesystemresourcesareusedtosolvethecomputingproblemsoftheusersWordprocessors,compilers,webbrowsers,databasesystems,videogamesUsersPeople,machines,othercomputersFourComponentsofaComputerSystemOperatingSystemDefinitionOSisaresourceallocatorManagesallresourcesDecides

5、betweenconflictingrequestsforefficientandfairresourceuseOSisacontrolprogramControlsexecutionofprogramstopreventerrorsandimproperuseofthecomputerOperatingSystemDefinition(Cont.)Nouniversallyaccepteddefinition“Everythingavendorshipswhenyouorderanoperatingsystem”isgoodapproximationButvarieswildly“T

6、heoneprogramrunningatalltimesonthecomputer”isthekernel.Everythingelseiseitherasystemprogram(shipswiththeoperatingsystem)oranapplicationprogramComputerStartupbootstrapprogramisloadedatpower-uporrebootTypicallystoredinROMorEPROM,generallyknownasfirmwareInitializatesallaspectsofsystemLoadsoperating

7、systemkernelandstartsexecutionComputerSystemOrganizationComputer-systemoperationOneormoreCPUs,devicecontrollersconnectthroughcommonbusprovidingaccesstosharedmemoryConcurrentexecutionofCPUsanddevicescompetingformemorycyclesCo