操作系统精髓与设计原理英汉对照6th

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1、Chapter1ComputerSystemOverviewDaveBremerOtagoPolytechnic,N.Z.©2008,PrenticeHallOperatingSystems:InternalsandDesignPrinciples,6/EWilliamStallingsRoadmap路标BasicElements基本构成ProcessorRegisters处理器寄存器InstructionExecution指令的执行Interrupts中断TheMemoryHierarchy存储器的层次CacheM

2、emory高速缓存I/OCommunicationTechniquesI/O通讯技术OperatingSystem操作系统Exploitsthehardwareresourcesofoneormoreprocessors利用硬件资源的一个或多个处理器Providesasetofservicestosystemusers为用户提供一组服务ManagessecondarymemoryandI/Odevices管理辅助存储器和I/O设备AComputer’sBasicElements电脑的基本构成Processor处理器Mai

3、nMemory内存I/OModules输入输出模块SystemBus系统总线Processor处理器Controlsoperation,performsdataprocessing控制操作，执行数据处理Twointernalregisters两个内部寄存器Memoryaddressresister(MAR)地址寄存器Memorybufferregister(MBR)缓冲寄存器I/OaddressregisterI/O地址寄存器I/ObufferregisterI/O缓冲寄存器MainMemory内存Volatile易失的D

4、ataistypicallylostwhenpowerisremovedReferredtoasrealmemoryorprimarymemory被称作实存储器或主存储器Consistsofasetoflocationsdefinedbysequentiallynumbersaddresses由一组单元组成，这些单元由顺序编号的地址定义Containingeitherdataorinstructions存放数据或指令I/OModulesI/O模块Movesdatabetweenthecomputerandtheextern

5、alenvironmentsuchas:Storage(e.g.harddrive)存储器（例如硬盘）Communicationsequipment通信设备Terminals终端SpecifiedbyanI/OAddressRegister由I/O地址寄存器确定(I/OAR)（I/O地址寄存器）SystemBusCommunicationamongprocessors,mainmemory,andI/Omodules在处理器内存和I/O模块间通讯Top-LevelView顶层视图（P7）RoadmapBasicElemen

6、tsProcessorRegistersInstructionExecutionInterruptsTheMemoryHierarchyCacheMemoryI/OCommunicationTechniquesProcessorRegistersFasterandsmallerthanmainmemory比内存快、小User-visibleregisters用户可见寄存器Enableprogrammertominimizemainmemoryreferencesbyoptimizingregisteruse通过优先使用寄存

7、器减少内存访问Controlandstatusregisters控制和状态寄存器Usedbyprocessortocontroloperatingoftheprocessor用以控制处理器的操作UsedbyprivilegedOSroutinestocontroltheexecutionofprograms由特权操作系统例程使用以控制程序执行User-VisibleRegisters用户可见寄存器Maybereferencedbymachinelanguage可以通过机器语言引用Availabletoallprograms

8、–applicationprogramsandsystemprograms对所有程序可用（包括应用程序和系统程序）Typesofregisterstypicallyavailableare:通常可用的寄存器类型有：data,address,conditioncoderegisters.条件码寄存器Dat