高分子物理（浙江大学） 1 高分子的链结构 Chain Structure of Polymers

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1、高分子的链结构1ChainStructureofPolymerPolymerPhysics高分子物理1.1高分子结构的特点和分类CharacteristicandclassificationofpolymerstructureStructureandPropertyofPolymer高分子结构与性能1.1.1高分子的结构特点CharacteristicsofpolymerstructurePolymeriscomposedofmanystructuralunitslinkedbychemicalbonds.Themolecularweightofpolymerisveryhighand

2、haspolydispersity.Themainchainsofpolymercanrotate,leadingtoflexibilityofpolymerchains.Duetothermalmotion,theshape(conformation)ofpolymerchainschangewithtime.TheVanderwallsforceamongstructuralunitsisveryimportant.Crosslinkingmaygreatlychangepropertiesofpolymers.Theaggregatestateofpolymermaybecr

3、ystallineoramorphous.Theorderofpolymerincrystallinestateissmallerthanthatofsmallmolecules，buttheorderinamorphousstateishigherthanthatofsmallmolecules.1.1.2高分子的结构层次链结构高次结构聚集态结构(三次结构)近程结构(一次结构)远程结构(二次结构)chemicalcompositionregioisomerismstereoisomerismbranching&crosslinkingbondingsequenceincopolymers

4、ize(molecularweightanddistribution)conformation(flexibilityandrigidity)crystallinestateliquidcrystallineamorphousstateorientationstate高分子结构ConfigurationclassificationofpolymerstructureShortrangestructureLongrangestructureChainstructureAggregatestructuretexturalstructuretexturalstructureShortranges

5、tructurestructuralunitorlocalchainsegmentisinvolvedLongrangestructureentiresinglepolymerchainisinvolvedAggregatestructuredifferentpolymerchainsareinvolvedHowaboutdoublehelixstructureofDNA?Polymerstructuresatdifferentlevelsaredifferentbutcorrelated!!!Polymerstructureisthesumofstructuresatdifferentl

6、evels,whichcontributetoapparentpolymerproperties.stereo-regularitystructureofmonomersequenceofcomonomermolecularweightcrystallizability,etc.conformation;liquidcrystal;etc.phaseseparation;crystallizability;etc.miscibility,etc.Regulationandimprovementofpolymerpropertiescanbeapproachedbychangeofpolym

7、erstructuresatdifferentlevels.synthesis：processing：blending：shortrangestructureandlongrangestructurelongrangestructureandaggregatestructuretexturalstructure1.2高分子链的近程结构Short-rangestructureofpolymerchain1.2.1结构单元的