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1、LectureSixDictioninTranslation翻译中的选词MajorpointsThemeaningof‘diction’intranslationThereasonsforusingdictionThemethodsofdictionApplicationofdictiontotranslationpracticeThemeaningof‘diction’IdentifyanddeterminethemeaningofSTwords.(选义→选择原文字词之义)Findanappr
2、opriatewordinthetargetlanguagetoexpressthedeterminedmeaningoftheSTword.(择词→选择译文字词恰当地表达原词之意)ReasonsforusingdictionPolysemyExamples:lightmusic(intendedchieflytoentertain)轻音乐lightloss(notheavy)轻微的损失lightcar(havinglittleweight)轻便的汽车lightheart(relaxed)轻松的
3、心情lightstep(gentle)轻快的脚步lightmanners(frivolous)轻浮的举止lightoutfit(handy)轻巧的装备lightwork(requiringlittleeffort)轻松的工作lightvoice(soft)轻柔的声音打铃toringabell打稻谷tothreshrice打败仗tosufferadefeat打老婆tobatterone’swife打地基tolaythefoundation打家具tomakefurniture打毛衣toknitasw
4、eater打井todigawell打借条towriteanIOU打篮球toplaybasketballDifferenceincollocation(i.e.languageusage)E.A.Nida:Languagesdonotdifferessentiallyinwhattheycansay,butinhowtheysayit.(1993:2)e.g.:大雨heavyrain大风strongwind红茶blacktea红糖brownsugar浓茶strongtea黄金时间pri
5、metime喝汤eatsoupFree/flexibleuseofwords(i.e.extensionofwordmeaning)香港译界:词无定译e.g.:--Thereismoretotheirlifethanpoliticalandsocialandeconomicproblems;morethantransienteverydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的基本的柴米油盐问题。--树梢上隐隐约约的是一带远山,只是有些大意罢了。Overthet
6、reesappearsomedistantmountains,butmerelyinsketchysilhouette.Themethodsofdiction1.ContextImportanceofcontext--PeterNewmark：Nowordisanislandentiretoitself.--J.R.Firth:Eachword,whenusedinanewcontext,isanewword.--王佐良：上下文不只是语言问题，说话是一种社会行为，上下文实际上是提供了一个社会场合
7、或情境，正是它决定了词义（罗新璋，1984：829）。Typesofcontext1)Linguistic/verbalcontextPhrase,sentence,paragraph,text,etc.--agoodChristian,agoodparent,child,wifeorhusband(VanityFair,byW.M.Thackeray)虔诚的教徒,慈爱的父/母,孝顺的儿女,贤良的妻子,尽职的丈夫(杨必译)2)SituationalcontextParticipants,surr
8、oundings,time/space,topic,etc.--Peterpassed.彼得考试通过了(examination)/彼得未叫牌(bridgegame)/彼得把球传给了队友(footballgame)3)CulturalcontextHistory,geography,religion,literature,customs,etc.--ItwasFridayandsoonthey’dgooutandgetdrunk.星期五发工资那天,这帮人很快就去喝酒了。--不为五斗米折腰.Don’
