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1、2011,37(1):99-104PlantProtection调查研究Investigations东北地区四种常见禾本科杂草病原真菌资源调查及其致病性测定1,222*21何伟,邓晖,牛永春,赵杏利,高洁(1.吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118;2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081)摘要为了解我国东北地区常见禾本科杂草病原真菌资源状况,于禾草生长季节对东北三省19个县市的稗草、狗尾草、马唐和虎尾草的发病情况进行了调查和采样。对病害样品用组织分离法分离获得186个真菌菌株,经形
2、态学观察和rDNAITS序列比对分析,鉴定到10个属的真菌。对其中分离率较高具代表性的或来自发病严重样品的31个菌株用人工接种法进行了致病性测定,明确了新月弯孢(Curvularialunata)对稗草、狗尾草、马唐和虎尾草均有较强致病性,梭形凸脐蠕孢(Exserohilumfusiforme)和尖角凸脐蠕孢(E.monoceras)对稗草具有较强致病性,麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolarissorokiniana)、狗尾草平脐蠕孢(B.setariae)、嘴突凸脐蠕孢(E.rostratum)和链格孢(
3、Alter-nariaspp.)对狗尾草具有较强致病性。不同菌株致病性有差异,一般来讲,对原寄主的致病性强于对其他寄主的致病性。研究结果丰富了禾草的病菌资源和信息,为真菌除草剂的研发奠定了基础。关键词禾本科杂草;病原真菌;致病性;ITS中图分类号:S432.44文献标识码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2011.01.022AsurveyofpathogenicfungionfourcommongramineousweedsinnortheasternChinaHeWei
4、1,2,DengHui2,NiuYongchun2,ZhaoXingli2,GaoJie1(1.CollegeofAgronomy,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118,China;2.InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)AbstractInordertounderstan
5、dtheresourcesofpathogenicfungioncommongramineousweedsinnortheasternChina,fieldsurveyandsamplecollectionofdiseasesofthebarnyardgrassEchinochloacrusgalli,thegreenbris-tlegrassSetariaviridis,thecrabgrassDigitariasanguinalisandthefingergrassChlorisvirgatawe
6、recarriedoutingrassgrowingseasons.Withthetissueisolationmethod,186fungalstrainswereobtained.Outofthem10generawereidentifiedbymeansofmorphologicalobservationandalignmentofrDNAITSsequences.Pathogenicityof31strains,withhighisolatingfrequencyorfromseverelyd
7、iseasedsamples,wastestedwithartificialinoculation.Curvularialunatashowedstrongerpathogenicityonbarnyardgrass,greenbristlegrass,crabgrassandfingergrass.ExserohilumfusiformeandE.monocerasshowedstrongerpathogenicityonbarnyardgrass.Bipolarissorokiniana,B.se
8、tariae,E.rostratumandAlternariaspp.showedstrongerpathogenicityongreenbristlegrass.Pathogenicitywasvariablebetweenstrainsandgenerallystrongerontheoriginalhostplantthanonotherplants.Theresultsen-richedcultureresourcesandinformation
