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1、第一章：句子结构(一划句子结构)一、名词性从句：一）主语从句：itmay(well)bethat+主从;itbe+adj./ed/n.+that+主从;itseem/happen/appear+that+主从二）宾语从句：动词型：that不能省略/介词型：介词后只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句(除inthat,exceptthat,butthat)三）表语从句：主语+be+that从句/疑问词型从句二、特殊结构：一）强调：itis…that…;itisnotuntil…that…;manyn…..,ifnotmost,do
2、sth;n.isas…as…,ifnotmoreso.二）倒装：三）as结构：Prep.:accept/classify/define/describe/know/name/referto/regard/speakof/state/think/thinkof/viewasn.Conj.:(just)as…,主句;(just)as…,so主句;(just)as…,sotoo主句(部分倒装);Pron.:代替单主句(e.g.indirectsocializationalsooccurs,aswhentelevisions
3、howsreinforcestereotypedimages)四）同位结构：同位语，主语…（一定要一致）解释：n.,n.;an.,n.;n.,an.;then.,n.;内容具体化：抽象n.(theory/evidence/belief/principle/hypothesis)+that从句(that不能省略);of表示所属关系，强调部分概念。概括：an.(program/information/effort/practice)that修饰：n.,n.that从句代词：n.,one/ones+that从句五
4、）独立主格：(with/each)+n./ed/ing/adj.phrase/prep.phrase（注意each后接单数its非their）六）省略结构：V.+that两个句子并列，第一个含有be作为助动词或become，第二个句子中的be或become必须省略。七）否定结构：IsnotA,butB;notA,butratherB;isA,ratherthanB;isA,notB.八）时态练习：1.Ozoneisformedintheatmospherewhenhydrocarbonsandnitrogenoxid
5、esreactwithsunlight.Oftenvisibleassmog,Conj.Twomajorpollutantsemittedbyautomobiles2.Quasarsarebelievedtobethecoresofgalaxiesinanearlystageofdevelopment.atbillionsoflight-yearsfromEarththemostdistantobservableobjectsintheuniverse,Conj.3.whilesomeproposetocombatw
6、idespreadillegalcopyingofcomputerprogramsbyattemptingtochangepeople’sattitudestowardpirating,otherssuggestreducingsoftwarepricestodecreasetheincentiveforpirating,andstillothersarecallingfortheprosecutionofthosewhocopysoftwareillegally.4.SouthKorea’schurchmember
7、shipisexpandingby6.6.%ayear,fullytwo-thirdsofthegrowthcomingfromconversionsratherthanincreasesinthepopulation.Conversions与increases形势对称，increases强调增加本身，increasing强调动作5.Modernizingthesteelmill,aprogramthatcan,itishoped,becompletedinthelate1980’s,willcost51millio
8、ndollars.Hope:,itishoped,作插入语；itishopedthat+从句6.ManywritersofmodernEnglishhaveacquiredcarelesshabitsthatdamagetheclarityoftheirprose,buttheycanbreakthesehabitsiftheyarewilli
