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1、智课网托福备考资料托福听力背景材料精选-公路噪声影响鸟类迁徙-智课教育旗下智课教育本文和大家分享的是托福听力背景材料精选-公路噪声影响鸟类迁徙。大家可以参考一下，在备考过程中多积累一些背景知识。相信会对同学们的备考有所帮助。今天智课教育小编为大家分享的是托福听力的背景材料-公路噪声影响鸟类迁徙。大家都知道托福听力段子都来源于美国学生的大学校园生活，所以无处不透漏着美式思维。那么小编就为大家整理原汁原味的美式的背景材料为大家的托福听力备考助力。原文：Researchersbuilta"phantomroad"throughwildernessus
2、ingtree-mountedspeakerstoplaytrafficsounds,andwitnessedadeclineinbirdfitnessanddiversity.ChristopherIntagliatareportsBuildingaroadthroughwildernesscertainlyhasavisibleimpactonlocalfloraandfauna—you'rephysicallypavingoverasliceofwhatwasoncehabitat.Butroadshavelessobviouseffec
3、ts,too.Liketheintroductionoftrafficnoise,whichalsotakesatoll."Youcanseeanoilspillbutyoucan'tseeatrafficnoisespill.Soconvincingpeoplethatit'simportantisalittlemoredifficult."HeidiWare,anornithologistattheIntermountainBirdObservatoryinBoise,Idaho.Sheandhercolleaguesstudiedther
4、eactionsbybirdstothesoundsofvehicles.Andtheydiditwithoutpavingthegreatoutdoors.Instead,theymounted15pairsofspeakersonDouglasfirtrees,alongaridgenearBoise,andplayedtrafficnoise.<>Theythuscreatedwhattheycalla"phantomroad"throughthewilderness,whichboostedlocalnoiselevels10decib
5、elshigherthanthoseinthesurroundingforest.Turnsoutjustthesoundsoftrafficscaredawayathirdofthearea’susualavianvisitors,andcutspeciesdiversitytoo.Andbirdsofmultiplespecieswerenotabletopackonasmuchfattofueltheirmigrations,whentheywereforcedtodinetothesoundtrackoftraffic.Follow-u
6、pexperimentsinthelabfoundthat,whenit'snoisy,birdsspendalotlesstimeheaddown,peckingatfood,andalotmoretimescanningtheirsurroundings."Youcanimagineifyoutakeawaythatabilitytolistenforpredators,birdshavetocompensatebylookingaroundmore.Itsortofwastestheirtime,right?Insteadofspendi
7、ngtheirtimeeatingtheyhavetospendtheirtimedoingotherthings."ThestudyisinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.WaresaysYosemite,GlacierandRockyMountainNationalParksallhaveroadsthatarebusyenoughtoproducetheseeffects.And,shortofclosingparkroadstotraffic,shesaysthin
8、gslikerubberizedasphaltandlowerspeedlimitscouldhelpcutthenoise."GlacierNati
