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1、第31卷第3期浙江林业科技Vol.31No.32011年5月JOUR.OFZHEJIANGFOR.SCI.&TECH.May,2011文章编号:1001-3776(2011)03-0019-06林区地形条件对GPS定位精度的影响1,231,24徐文兵,李卫国,汤孟平,高飞(1.浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室,浙江临安311300;2.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江临安311300;3.石家庄经济学院勘查技术学院,河北石家庄050031;4.合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院,安徽合肥230009)摘要:在林区周边多种地形中布设
2、试验点,通过实地测量,探讨地形因子对高性能GPS接收机单点定位和GPS-RTK定位精度的影响。研究表明:两种常用的GPS测量方式同一时间段观测值有一定的聚集性,不同时段之间会产生整体性偏差;Trimble5800GPS接收机单点定位在不同地形中测量的内外符合精度为0.512~4.465m,受山体和建筑物的影响较大,较空旷区域中可以达到分米级精度;RTK技术在观测条件较好时,平面中误差大多在1cm以内,高程中误差为1~3cm,上午、下午两个时段定位精度相近,在郁闭度较高的林中观测精度较低,只有亚米级,高程精度更低,大多历元得不到固定解,在山
3、谷等更恶劣的地形中,甚至得不到浮动解。关键词:单点定位;GPS-RTK;地形条件;内符合精度;外符合精度中图分类号:S758文献标识码:AEffectofForestedTerrainonthePositioningAccuracyofGPS1,231,24XUWen-bing,LIWei-guo,TANGMeng-ping,GAOFei(1.ZhejiangProvincialKeyLabofCarbonCyclinginForestEcosystemsandCarbonSequestration,Lin’an311300,China;
4、2.SchoolofEnvironmentandResources,ZhejiangA&FUniversity,Lin’an311300,China;3.CollegeofProspectingTechniques,ShijiazhuangUniversityofEconomics,Shijiangzhuang050031,China;4.SchoolofCivilEngineering,HefeiUniversityofTechnology,Hefei230009,China)Abstract:Testpointsinvariousfo
5、restterrainweresetupforstudingeffectoftopographicalfactorsonaccuracyofsinglepointpositioningwithhigh-performanceGPSreceiverandGPS-RTK.TheresultshowedthattwokindsofGPSobservationshadaggregationatthesameperiodandintegritydeviationbetweendifferentperiods.Internalandexternala
6、ccordaccuracyofsinglepointpositioningwithTrimble5800indifferentterrainwas0.512-4.465m,andinfluencedbythebuildingandmountain.Betterprecisioncouldreachdecimeterinopenarea.MeansquareerrorofRTKtechnologywasmostly1-3cm,ingoodterrainconditionandthepositioningaccuracywassimilari
7、nthemorningandafternoon,butitwaslowerinclosedforestandhadnotevenfloatsolutioninbadterrainasvalley.Keywords:singlepointpositioning;GPS-RTK;terraincondition;internalaccordaccuracy;externalaccordaccuracy全球定位系统(GlobalPositioningSystem,GPS)定位方式有绝对定位和相对定位。绝对定位,也叫单点定[1]位(SingleP
8、ointPositioning,SPP),常见的如普通型手持GPS测量,由于受到卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差及信号传播误差等诸多因素的影响,同时受手持GPS接收机性能的局限,精度较低,观测条件良好时