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1、第9章循环系统CIRCULATORYSYSTEM目的与要求ò掌握心脏壁的各层结构，了解心脏传导系统的组成。ò掌握动脉管壁的一般结构及大动脉、中动脉和小动脉的结构特点和功能。ò掌握三类毛细血管的光镜结构及超微结构。ò了解静脉的一般结构特点。OUTLINEThecirculatorysystemconsistsofthebloodvascularsystemandlymphaticvascularsystem.Thebloodvascularsystemcomprises(1)theheart,amuscularorgan,whichpumpsbloodintoarte
2、ries;(2)arteries,thick-walledvesselsthatdirectbloodtocapillarybeds;(3)capillaries,afinemeshworkofanatomizingtubules,thinwalledvesselsacrosswhichtheexchangeofsubstancebetweenbloodandtissuesoccurs;and(4)veins,whichreturnbloodfromthecapillariestotheheart.Thelymphaticvascularsystemconsists
3、oflymphaticcapillariesandvarioussizedlymphaticvessels.Thelymphaticcapillariesareblind-endedtubules,whichcollectfluid(lymph)fromtissuespace.Lymph,afterpassingthroughlymphaticorgans,iscarriedbacktothebloodvascularsystemvialymphaticvessels.Thecomponentsofthecirculatorysystemhaveanumberofs
4、tructuralfeaturesincommon.Basically,theirwallscomposedofthreelayers:⑴tunicaintima,aninnermostlayer,whichminimallyconsistsofasinglelayerofendothelialcellssupportedonabasementmembrane,withofwithoutanunderlyingdelicateconnectivetissuelayer;⑵tunicamedia,anintermediatelayerwithvariableamoun
5、tsofmuscle,elastic,andreticularfibers;and⑶tunicaadventitia,anoutermostlayerofconnectivetissuerichincollagenandelasticfibers.Ingreatvessels,becausethewallistoothicktobenourishedbydiffusionfrombloodwithinthelumen,thevasavasorumgiverisetoabloodcapillarynetworkintheadventitiaandtheoutermos
6、tmedia.Thesevesselsarederivedeitherfromthearteriestheysupplyorfromneighboringarteries.Frequently,nervefibers,whichareunmyelinatedsympatheticnervefiberssupplyingthesmoothmuscleofthevessels,arefoundincompanywitharteriesandveins.练习题一、选择题（一）单项选择题1．心外膜的组成是：A．心脏传导系统由特殊的心肌纤维形成A．间皮B．脂肪组织B．心脏传导
7、系统包括窦房结、房室结、房室束C．间皮和结缔组织D．间皮和脂肪组织及其分支2．心瓣膜是：C．心脏传导系统均位于心内膜下层A．弹性膜D．心脏传导系统的功能是协调心房和心室按一B．肌性膜定节律收缩C．内部为疏松结缔组织构成4．心脏房室束及其分支位于：D．心内膜的突起形成的薄片状结构A．内皮下层B．心内膜下层3．以下对心脏传导系统的描述中，哪一项是错C．心肌层浅部D．心外膜误的：5．内皮细胞的特征性结构是：27A．发达的高尔基复合体密连接，基膜不完整B．细胞间有10-20nm的间隙11.有孔毛细血管所指的“孔”位于：C．丰富的紧密连接A．内皮细胞连接之间D．W-P小体
