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1、贵州农业科学2009,37(11):207~210GuizhouAgriculturalSciences[文章编号]10013601(2009)110809020704土法炼锌的环境危害及废弃矿区环境评价向发云,王检,钟柱,王杏(贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550003)[摘要]统计已有的研究数据,分析土法炼锌区环境中重金属的污染状况与环境危害,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法,综合评价土法炼锌历史较久的赫章县妈姑镇废弃矿区环境质量状况。结果显示,矿区大气、土壤和
2、食物中重金属元素Pb、Zn、Cd的总含量均超标;土壤污染严重,不适合种植粮食类作物,已收获的食物不能安全食用;河水中Pb、Zn、Cd的浓度符合!类水质要求,但底泥和悬浮物中重金属总含量很高,是潜在的污染源,对河水水质和水生生物的生存构成威胁;建议对矿区弃渣和受污染土壤进行治理,采用农家肥、磷肥与碱石灰混合施用的方法可行。[关键词]重金属;危害;矿区;评价;炼锌[中图分类号]X592[文献标识码]ATheEnvironmentalHazardsofIndigenousZincSmeltingand
3、EnvironmentalAssessmentinAbandonedMineAreasXIANGFayun,WANGJian,ZHONGZhu,WANGXing(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalEngineering,GuizhouUniversity,Guiyang,Guizhou550003,China)Abstract:Accordingtotheexisteddataanalysis,heavymetalpollutionstatusandenv
4、ironmentalhazardswereanalyzed,andsinglefactorpollutionindexandintegratedpollutionindexwereadoptedtocomprehensivelyevaluatethesituationofenvironmentalqualityintheabandonedminingareasinMaguTownship,HezhangCounty,alonghistoryindigenouszincsmeltingarea.
5、TheresultsshowedthatthetotalcontentofheavymetalsPb,Zn,andCdintheatmosphere,soil,andfoodintheminingareahaveexceededthestandards.Soilhasbeenpollutedandunsuitableforfarming,andevencropsharvestedwerenotsafe.ThecontentofPb,Zn,andCdinriverwaterwasaccording
6、with!levelwaterqualitystandard,butheavymetalsinsedimentandtotalsuspendedsolidshadhighercontent,theythreatenedtheriverwaterqualityandaquaticorganismsintheriversincetheywerepotentialpollutionresources.Theecologicalreconstructionisurgentlyneededtosolvet
7、hisenvironmentalproblem.Thepaperproposedthatminingdregsandcontaminatedsoilshouldbetreated,combinationoffarmyardmanures,phosphatemixedwiththelimecouldbethebestcontrolmeasurefortheheavymetalspollutedintheminingareas.Keywords:heavymetals;hazards;miningz
8、one;assessment;zincsmelting铅锌矿开采造成的大规模破坏,在中国乃至全染。炼锌废渣露天放置,有害重金属元素随雨水迁[1]世界都是一个十分严重的资源与环境问题。在矿移,破坏周围耕地和水体自净能力,使植物和水生生石开采和冶炼过程中产生的大量废渣露天放置,对物的生存受到威胁。Pb、Cd是对人体危害很大的环境构成威胁。一方面,废渣堆放要占用大量耕地,重金属元素,它通过水体、大气及食物对人体产生危破坏自然生态景观;另一方面,废渣中有害重金属元害,人长期存留于Pb、Cd污染的环境
