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1、GeologicalriskintheuseofTBMsinheterogeneousrockmasses–Thecaseof“MetrodoPorto”andthemeasuresadoptedDrSiegmundBabendererde,DrEvertHoek,ProfessorPaulMarinosandProfessorAntónioSilvaCardosoPresentedattheCourseonGeotechnicalRisksinRockTunnels,UniversityofAveiro,Portugal,
2、16-17April,2004.PaperforConferenceinAveiro,PortugalinApril2004Page1GeologicalriskintheuseofTBMsinheterogeneousrockmasses-Thecaseof“MetrodoPorto”andthemeasuresadopted123byDrSiegmundBabendererde,DrEvertHoek,ProfessorPaulMarinosand4ProfessorAntónioSilvaCardosoAbstract
3、ThehighlyvariablenatureofthedeeplyweatheredOportograniteposedsignificantchallengesinthedrivingofthe2.3kmlongClineandthe4kmlongSlineoftheOportoMetroproject.Two8.7mdiameterHerrenknechtEPBTBMswereusedtoexcavatethesetunnelsandearlyproblemswereencounteredduetooverexcava
4、tionandfacecollapse.Threecollapsestosurfaceoccurredinthefirst400moftheClinedriveandthelastofthesecollapsesresultedinthedeathofanoccupantofahouseonthesurface.Thisresultedinadelayofalmost9monthstotheprojectandthedifficultywasfinallyresolvedbytheintroductionofanActive
5、SupportSystemwhichinvolvestheinjectionofpressurizedbentoniteslurrytocompensatefordeficienciesinthefacesupportpressurewhendrivinginmixedfaceconditions.BoththeCandSlineshavenowbeencompletedwithminimalsurfacesubsidenceandnofaceinstability.IntroductionInlate1998theMuni
6、cipalityofPortotookadecisiontoupgradeitsexistingrailwaynetworktoanintegratedmetropolitantransportsystemwith70kmoftrackand66stations.Sevenkilometresofthistrackand10stationsarelocatedunderthepicturesqueanddenselypopulatedcityofPorto,aUNESCOworldheritagesite.Amapofthe
7、surfaceandundergroundroutesispresentedinFigure1.MetrodoPortoSA,apubliccompany,isimplementingtheprojectwithaconcessionperiodof50years.Thedesign,constructionandoperationofthisconcessionwasawardedtoNormetro,ajointventureincludingcivilcontractors,equipmentandsystemmanu
8、facturersandanoperator.ThecivilworksdesignandconstructionwasawardedtoTransmetro,ajointventureofSoaresdaCosta,SomagueandImpregilio.1AmLotsenberg8,
