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1、Tobler’sFirstLawandSpatialAnalysisHarveyJ.MillerDepartmentofGeographyUniversityofUtah260S.CentralCampusDr.Room270SaltLakeCity,UT84108-9155USAharvey.miller@geog.utah.eduIneverthoughtthatotherswouldtakethemsomuchmoreseriouslythenIdid.AlbertEinsteinonhistheories(www.famous-quotations.com)In
2、troduction“Iinvokeinvokev.调用thefirstlawofgeography:everythingisrelatedtoeverythingelse,butnearthingsaremorerelatedthandistantthings”(Tobler1970).Howcouldasentencejustifyingheuristicadj.启发式的calculationsinacrudeurbangrowthsimulationgenerateaniconn.图标,肖像,偶像nowknownasTobler’sFirstLaw(TFL)?Wh
3、yhasthis“law”resonated(使)共鸣,(使)共振sostronglyingeography?geographyn.地理学,地理WaldoToblercouldinvokev.调用a“firstlawofgeography”sincethepropositionn.主张,建议,陈述,命题thatnearthingsaremorerelatedseemedreasonablein1970.Itisenduringadj.持久的,不朽的sincenearandrelatedareusefulconceptsatthecoreofspatialanalysis
4、andmodeling.Andin2003andbeyond,TFLisstillusefulsincetheriseof30geographicinformationscienceandtechnologiesallowgreatersophisticatedwhenmeasuringandanalyzingtheseconcepts.Thisisironicadj.说反话的,讽刺的consideringthatToblerapparentlyinvokedthelawinparttoapologizefortheslowcomputersatthattime.Iam
5、goingtosidestepsidestep[简明英汉词典][5saidstep]n.横跨的一步,(侧面的)台阶vt.横跨一步躲闪,回避(困难)vi.回避问题,躲避打击theissueofwhetherTFLisinfacta“law”bynotingthatscienceacceptstheconceptofempiricallawsorcompactcompact[简明英汉词典][5kRmpAkt]adj.紧凑的,紧密的,简洁的n.契约,合同,小粉盒descriptionsofpatternsandregularities.Thesearenotrequiredt
6、obeimmutableadj.不可变的,不变的,不能变的,永恒的truths(Casti1990;Swartz2001).WecertainlyhaveampleevidencetosupportTFL:youmayhavenoticedonthewaytoworkthismorningthattheworldisorderlywithrespecttospace.Scientificlawsarealsonotrequiredtobecausal,e.g.,Newton’sLawofGravityisnotanexplanation.Althoughnotcausa
7、l,TFLisconsistentadj.一致的,调和的,坚固的,[数、统]相容的withanelegantprocessargument:overcomingspacerequiresexpenditureofenergyandresources,somethingthatnatureandhumans30trytominimize(althoughnotexclusively,ofcourse).IacceptTFLasreasonableregularitythatgenerallyholdstrue.TheissuesIamgoi
