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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2009,35(12):2234−2242http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.02234高粱受精过程及其经历的时间11,*112李冉俐申家恒贾媛李伟王黎明12哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025;黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086摘要:应用常规石蜡切片技术,对高粱花粉管生长
2、途径、双受精过程及其经历的时间进行研究。结果表明,高粱开花即授粉,花粉随即萌发,花粉管进入羽状柱头分支结构的细胞间隙,向下生长于花柱至子房顶部引导组织的细胞间隙中;进入子房腔后,在子房壁与外珠被之间的缝隙中向珠孔方向生长;花粉管破坏一个助细胞后,在卵细胞与中央细胞之间的空隙中释放连续的球状内容物;两个精核分别进入卵细胞和中央细胞分别与卵核和极核融合。受精过程经历的时间为开花后0.5~3h左右,花粉管破坏一个助细胞进入胚囊,并释放精子;1~3h精核与极核融合形成初生胚乳核,精卵融合形成合子;4h左右初生胚乳核分裂;14h左右合子分裂。4~14h为合子静止期
3、,该期为物理、化学诱变及花粉管通道法转基因技术实施的合适时间。关键词:高粱(SorghumbicolorL.Moench);花粉管生长途径;受精过程;受精经历时间;合子静止期FertilizationProcessinSorghumandItsPerformanceTimeforEachStage11,*112LIRan-Li,SHENJia-Heng,JIAYuan,LIWei,andWANGLi-Ming12CollegeofLifeSciencesandTechnology,HarbinNormalUniversity,Harbin150025,C
4、hina;InstituteofCropBreeding,HeilongjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Harbin150080,ChinaAbstract:Sorghum(SorghumbicolorL.Moench)growswidelyintheworldasthefifthbiggestcropinuseforfood,feedandrawmaterialinbrewingindustry.Greatachievementshavebeentakeninroutinebreeding,andalsoinapo
5、mixisinsorghum.Re-portsonsorghumembryologymainlyfocusedonthemorphologicalstructureanddevelopmentofflower,megasporogenesis,mi-crosporogensis,megagametophyteandsoon.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoexplorethefertiligationprocessofsorghumbyroutineparaffin-embeddedsectiontechniquetooffers
6、omeinformationforitsgeneticbreeding,geneengineeringandreproductivebiology.Theresultsshowedthatpollengrainsgerminatedimmediatelywhentheyfellonstigmainself-pollinatedsorghum,thenpollentubesgrewintotheintercellularspaceofbranchedstructureofpenniformstigma,enteringandpenetratingovary
7、,andgrowingintomicropyle.Pollentubeenteredanddestroyedonesynergidandreleasedsuccessiveroundstaffbetweeneggandcentralcells.Onespermnucleusenteredeggandtheotherenteredcentralcell.Maleandfemalenucleoliwerefusedatlast.Theperformancetimewasasfollows:pollentubegrewintomicropyleandenter
8、edonesynergidtoreleasetwospermsat0.5–3ha
