Wessinger The Lived experience of scoring

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1、QUEST,1994.46.425^39©1994NationalAssociationforPhysicalEducationinHigherEducalitm"IHitaHomeRun!"TheLivedMeaningofScoringinGamesinPhysicalEducationNancyPeoplesWessingerThispaperoffersreflectionsontheJivedmeaningof"scoring"inthegameworldofthechild.Oneoftheemergentthemesinthestoriesoffourth-gra

2、dechildrenwasthat"feelinggood"inthegymnasiumresultsprimarilyfromscoringorhelpingone'steamtowin.Thiswassomewhatsurprisinggiventhatnoonewaskeepingscore.Whatmeaning,then,dotheseexperiencesof"scoring"haveforthechild?Andhowcaneducatorsutilizethisknowl-edge?Thisarticleexp]oresthelivedmeaningofscor

3、ingforthechildusingArnold's(1979)text.MeaninginMovement.SportandPhysicalEducation,asastimulus.Abriefdiscussionofimplicationsforteachersfollows.Anintegralpartofthispaperistherationaleforanddescnpuonofamethodforenablingresearcherstogaininsightsonthesetopics.Aphenomenologicalanalysisthatpurpose

4、fullygoesbeyondthemestomeaningisdescribed.Thepervasivenessofgamesinoursocietyandthepredominanceofgamesintheelementarycurriculumledmetoseekanunderstandingofthechild'sexperienceofgamesinphysicaleducation.Formorethanadecade,numerousauthorshaveraisedquestionsaboutthedeleteriouseffectsofcompetiti

5、ononchildren(Devereux,1976;Kulewicz.1981;Ogilvie.1979;Orlick&Botterill,1975).Physicaleducatorshavereacteddifferentlytothismessage.Thosewhohavetakenthesecautionstohearthavechangedtheirprogramsaccordingly.Thesechangeshavetakenseveralforms.Somephysicaleducatorshavecompletelyeschewedallformsofco

6、mpeti-tivegamesandactivities,choosinginsteadacurriculumthatfocusesonmove-ment,thatfocusesonfitnessandwellness,or,likeProjectAdventure,thatemphasizestrust,risk-taking,andcooperativeinitiatives.Othershavekeptthegamesbuthaverestructuredthemtobecooperative.StiUothershavebeenunwillingtopurgetheir

7、programcompletelyofcompetitivegamesbuthaveinsteadmadechangesbasedonaconcernaboutpotentialdestructiveoutcomes.ThesephysicaleducatorshavemadethechangesbydeemphasizingcompetitiveNancyPeoplesWessingeriswiththeDepartmentofEducationattheUnivereityofVermo