2013年职称英语考试卫生类(A级)新增阅读和完型填空及译文

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1、阅读理解SaunaCeremonialbathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandhasmanyforms,oneofwhichisthesauna.TheFinnshaveperfectedthesteambath,orsauna,whichmaybetaken,usuallyinanenclosedroom,bypouringwateroverhotrocksorasadryheatbath.TheJapanese,Greeks,TurksandRussiansaswellasNativeAmericanshaveformsofthesweatbathin

2、theirbathingrituals.DryheatandsteambathshadadvocatesinancientRomeandpre-ColumbianAmericasusedsweatlodges.Theearliestsaunaswereprobablyundergroundcavesheatedbyafirethatnaturallyfilledwithsmokeaschimneymakingwasunknownatthattime.Afirekeptinafire-pitwouldheattherockwallsofthecave.Afterreachingfullheat,

3、thesmokewasletoutofthecaveandthestoneswouldretainheatforseveralhours.Afewpeopletodaysaythatthesmokesauna,"savusauna"istheonlytruesaunaexperienceandthatallsaunasshouldhaveatleastabackgroundodororsmoke.Todaymostsaunasuseelectricstoves,althonghgasandwood-burningstovesareavailable.Saunasarerelaxingandst

4、ressrelieving.Thosewithmuscleachesorarthritismayfindthattheheatrelaxesmusclesandrelievespainandinflammation.Asthmapatientsfindthatthebeatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungandfacilitatesbreathing.Saunasdonotcurethecommoncoldbuttheymayhelptoalleviatecongestionandspeedrecoverytime.Thebody'scoretemperature

5、usuallyrisesa1-2degreeswhileinthesauna,thusimitatingaslightfever.Thesaunacouldbeconsideredtofollowtheoldsaying"feedacold,starveafeverr",Theregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldinthefirstplace.Saunaisgoodforyourskinasthebloodflowtotheskinincreasesandsweatingoccurs.Adultssweatabout2

6、lbsofwaterperhouronaverageinasauna.Agoodsweatremovesdirtandgrimefromporesandgivestheskinahealthyglow.Thelossinwaterweightistemporaryasthebody'sphysiologicalmechanismswillquicklyrestorepropervolumes.Thecardiovascularsystem,getsaworkoutastheheartmustpumpharderandfastertomovebloodtothesurfaceforheatexc

7、hange.Heartratemayincreasefrom72beatsperminuteonaverageto100-150beatsperminute.Anormalheartcanhandlethesestressesbutthosewithhearttroublewishingtobegintouseasaunashouldseekadoctor'sadvice.Theelderlyan