2011专转本语法

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1、·【1】完成时在“Itisthefirsttime+that-分句”中的使用 ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere. Itwasthefirsttimeshehadbeenatasummerschoolandshethoroughlyenjoyedit. 【2】现在完成进行时 构成：have/hasbeen+doing 用法：Ihavebeenwritinglettersforanhour(andIhavestillgotsomemoretodo). Whohasbeeneatingmydinner? Whohaseatenmydinner? 上列第一句表示动作

2、还将进行下去；第二句说明动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束。 由于现在完成进行体带有进行体的持续性，暂时性和未完成性，所以第三句话表示还有些剩下，而第四句话则说明全给吃光了。 【3】将来完成时： 表示到将来的某个时间为止，某件事已经完成了。该时态常和由by引起的时间状语连用。 ThepainterssaytheywillhavefinishedpaintingtheroomsdownstairsbyTuesday. 【4】被动语态的一般构成（如例句显示） Heisregardedasbrilliant. Thisbookwasfirstpublishedin1976. Theyarebein

3、gpunishedbytheteacher. Hesaiditwasbeingrepaired. Thiscarhasbeendrivenalonewaytoday. Theroadhadbeenopenedtotraffic. Thiswillbedoneimmediately. 【5】Get型被动态 Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork. Themailhasgotlostorsenttothewrongaddress. Doyoumindworkingnights?Youwillgetpaidovertime. ItissaidthatCharle

4、sistogetmarried. 【6】不定式的被动态 Ihopetobeelected. Itisimportantforlosttimetobemadeup. 【7】ing分词的被动态 Theproblembeingdiscussedisofvitalimportance. Iobjecttobeingkeptwaiting. Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,Iwillstartmakingpreparationstomorrow. Idon’tmindhim/hisbeinginvited. 【8】一些动词如make,let,see等，可以更一个宾语和不带to

5、的不定式，它们在变为被动式后要用带to的不定式 Theymadehimtelleverything. -------Hewasmadetotelleverything. 【9】Need/require/want/deserve四个动词后可接分词，以主动态表示被动的含义。 Theflowerneedswatering.=Theflowerneedstobewatered. 【10】在表示穿戴，触摸，销售等感官动词时，不用被动态。 Thesekindsofhatsellwell. Thisbrandofglasseswearscomfortably. 【11】错综虚拟条件句：有时主句和从

6、句所指的时间是不一致的，这时需要对有关的动词形式作调整。 IfIhadeatenbreakfast,Iwouldnotbehungrynow.从句指的是过去，主句说的是现在 Ifhewereagoodstudenthewouldhavestudiedfortest.从句指通常情况，主句指的是过去/ 【12】在正式文体中，条件从句含有were,hadshould有时可以把if省略掉，这是要把这些词放到主语之前/ Wereitnotforhiswife’smoney,hewouldneverbeadirector. HadIknownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou. 

7、Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow. 【13】ifonly常引导感叹句，表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，通常后面跟过去时或过去完成时。 Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoreason! Ifonlyyouhadn’ttoldJackwhatIhadsaid. IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuythenewclothes. 【13】wouldrather可跟一句子表示宁愿让某人做某事，用法和wish相似