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1、中国农学通报第24卷第5期2008年5月http://www.casb.org.cn园艺园林科学·277·设施栽培条件下田间低温处理对不同品种桃树生长发育的影响路超,王金政,张安宁(山东省果树研究所,泰安271000)摘要:为建立田间低温处理下桃树设施栽培优质高效栽培技术体系,采用机械制冷的方法,研究了设施栽培条件下田间低温处理后5个品种桃树的生长发育动态。田间低温处理后,5个品种桃树花期均较长,且同一品种桃树制冷120h的花期较制冷220h的有所延长;除制冷220h的元红外,各品种桃树新梢生长趋势一致,呈单“S”型曲线;叶片长度的变化均呈单“S”型曲线,而叶片宽度的变化趋势不尽相同;
2、不同品种、不同处理之间果实的生长发育差异较大;制冷120h的迎春、春红、元红均出现花器官败育现象,且主要表现为无雌蕊;各品种桃树短、中、长果枝均能结果,且均以中果枝和长果枝结果为主。结果表明:设施栽培条件下5℃连续低温对解除桃树休眠是有作用的,但制冷时间偏短,并未完全解除桃树休眠,导致桃树生长发育障碍。提出了今后亟待研究解决的一系列问题。关键词:设施;低温;桃树;生长发育中图分类号:S662.3文献标识码:AEffectsofLowTemperatureontheGrowthandDevelopmentofDifferentCultivarPeachesinCanopyLuChao,W
3、angJinzheng,ZhangAnning(ShandongInstituteofPomology,Tai’an271000)Abstract:Somerefrigerantmechanismmeasureswereintroducedtocreatalowtemperaturecanopyinwhichasuperiorandhighlyefficientpeachcultivatingsystemwasestablished,andthegrowthanddevelopmentofthefivecultivarpeachesinthissystemwereresearched.
4、Allthefivecultivarpeacheshadlongflorescence;thesamecultivarpeachreceived120hlowtemperaturetreatmenthadalongerflorescencethanitifreceived220h;besidestheYuanhongreceived120hlowtemperaturetreatment,newshoots’growthanddevelopmentofalltheotherpeachessharedsamefeaturewhichrepresentedinthesamelawofsing
5、le‘S’;length’changeofleaveshadsamelawofsingle‘S’,however,thetrendsofleeaves'widthdiffered;thegrowthanddevelopmentoffruitsvariedduetodifferentcultivarpeachesanddifferenttreatments;theflowersofYingchun,ChunhongandYuanhongreceived120hlowtemperaturetreatmenthadabnormalorgans,andmostofthemhadnopistil
6、;allthelongbranches,middlebranchesandshortbranchescouldsetfruits,andmainlybymiddlebranchesandlongbranches.Theresultsshowed:constanttreatmentby5℃waseffectiveonbreakingdormancyofpeachincanopy,butthetimewastooshorttobreakdormancycompletely,asaresult,itleadtounnaturalgrowthanddevelopmentofpeach.Brin
7、gupaseriesquestionswhichneedtobesettledinstantly.Keywords:canopy,lowtemperature,peach,growthanddevelopment桃树打破自然休眠所需的有效低温时数是相对稳时间因当地的气候条件不同而有所差别,不同品种桃定的。同一品种桃树在不同地区设施栽培扣棚升温的树在同一地区相同栽培条件下果实成熟上市的时间因基金项目:山东省农业科学院创新基金项目“设施桃树‘双季生