第七讲：虚拟语气

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1、第七讲：虚拟语气判断下列句子是否正确？1．Ifourearthwerenearertothesun,waterwouldturntosteam.2．Sincetravelingacrossthecountrymightcostmuch,Iadviseshemustn’tplanthejourney.3．Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitwentwrongontheway.4．Wereheonlyhere,IshouldgivehimallIhadyesterday.5．Fathe

2、r’sarrangementthatJohnwouldwaituntilnextweekisquitereasonable.6．It’sdecidedthatallthemembersbepresent.7．Iftheyinsistedyesterday,wewouldhavegivenup.8．I’dsoonerhedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hemadesomuchtroubleforus.9．Withouttheirhelpthen,Icouldn’thavefinishedthisproject.10.Heor

3、dersmeaboutasifIhadbeenhisson.11.Shecouldhavebeenextremelywealthy,butshehadn’tcaredaboutthemoney.12.Successgowithyou!虚拟语气把行为、状态等当作只存在于话者想象中的“假设”提出，用以表示愿望、建议、推测、要求等。它是通过以不同于陈述语气的谓语动词的变化予以表示。虚拟语气种类繁多，句型复杂。其实可把它归结为两大类。一．基本表达方法：用过去时态表示的虚拟（即用时态倒退一挡的方法）；用(should+)原形动词表示的虚拟用

4、过去时态表示的虚拟（即用时态倒退一挡的方法，七种情况）(一)与事实作相反的假设：If条件句主句1．与现在的事实相反：Be:am/is/are变成wereHave:have/hashadshould/would/could/might+原形动词Do:do/doesdid2．与过去的事实相反：Be:was/werehadbeen/wereHave:hadhadhadshould/would/could/might+动词完成时态Do:didhaddone3.与将来的事实相反：Be:am/is/areshouldbe(现在时态表近来)we

5、retobeWereHave:have/hasshouldhaveWeretohaveshould/would/could/might+原形动词9HadDo:do/doesshoulddoWeretodoDid（二）wish“但愿”后的宾语从句中与现在情况相反过去时态Iwishshewere/had/didsth.now与过去情况相反用过去完成时态Hewishesshehadbeen/hadhad/haddone与将来情况相反用过去将来时态Shewishesshewould/could/mightdosth.soon(若wish为

6、过去时态wished,其变法同上)(三)Ifonly“要是……该多好啊”引导的状语从句中与现在情况相反应用过去时态Ifonlyshewere/had/didsth.now与过去情况相反应用过去完成时态Ifonlyhehadbeen/hadhad/haddone与将来情况相反应用过去将来时态IfonlyIwould/could/mightdosth.soon注意：这种从句可单独使用。假如后面跟句子，则其谓语动词的变化与第（一）条中的主句情况相同。IfonlyheknewFrenchnow,hecouldsingusthisFrenc

7、hsong.Ifonlyyouhadcomehereyesterday,wecouldhaveplayedagameofcardswithyou.（四）asif/asthough“仿佛，好像……似的”(感官指示的或某些情景可能是真实的)Thispietastesasifithasbananainit.真实Theskirtfeelsasthoughitismadeofsilk.真实Hiswordssoundedasifhekneweverythingaboutit.真实WangLingisdressedup,asifshewerea

8、princess.虚拟Hewastalkingeloquentlyasthoughhehadknowneverythingintheworld.虚拟Shelookedpanic-strickenasifshehadseenaghost.虚拟(五)e