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1、www.sunrayedu.com托福听力-动物也疯狂以下的托福内容和动物有关。2015年4月18日托福考试听力部分，有两篇听力内容都和动物有关：lConversation2是谈论Influenceofclimatechangeonbirds(气候变化对鸟类活动影响)lLecture2是biologylecture讲述animalbehavior(动物行为)——具体mimicrybehavior(模仿行为)我们通过对‘踢皮球’(TPO)34套题目的统计，也可以看出，生物话题的讲座，独占鳌头！而在生物话题的讲
2、座中，超过一半都是谈论动物的啊！既然动物学这么重要，那我们就做一个系统的梳理吧！TPO动物学考查方向www.sunrayedu.com关于4月28日Lecture2讲到的mimicrybehavior,我们来储备一些背景知识：（Wiki）Inevolutionarybiology(进化生物学),mimicryisasimilarityofonespeciestoanotherwhichprotectsoneorboth.Thissimilaritycanbeinappearance,behavior,sou
3、nd,scentorlocation(外貌、行为、声音、气味和位置场所).Mimicryoccurswhenagroupoforganisms(有机体、生物体),themimics(模仿者),evolvetosharecommonperceivedcharacteristicswithanothergroup,themodels(被模仿者).Theevolutionisdrivenbytheselectiveactionofasignal-receiver(信号接收者).Thesignal-receiver
4、istypicallyanotherintermediateorganismlikethecommonpredator(捕食者)oftwospecies,butmayactuallybethemodelitself,suchasamothresembling(长得像)itsspiderpredator.Asaninteraction,mimicryisinmostcasesadvantageous(有利的)tothemimicandharmfultothereceiver,butmayincrease,re
5、duceorhavenoeffectonthefitnessofthemodeldependingonthesituation.Mimicryisrelatedtocamouflage(伪装),inwhichaspeciesresemblesitssurroundingsorisotherwisedifficulttodetect(找到、探测出).Inparticular,mimesis,inwhichthemimictakesonthepropertieswww.sunrayedu.comofaspeci
6、ficobjectororganism,butonetowhichthedupeisindifferent,isanareaofoverlap（重合）betweencamouflageandmimicry.Thoughvisualmimicryismostobvioustohumans,othersensessuchasolfaction(smell)orhearingmaybeinvolved,andmorethanonetypeofsignalmaybeemployed.Mimicrymayinvolv
7、emorphology（形态学）,behaviour,andotherproperties.Inanycase,thesignalalwaysfunctionstodeceive（欺骗）thereceiverbypreventingitfromcorrectlyidentifyingthemimic.Defensive（防御性）orprotective（保护性）mimicrytakesplacewhenorganismsareabletoavoidencountersthatwouldbeharmfulto
8、thembydeceivingenemies（敌人）intotreatingthemassomethingelse.Somebehaviorsentailmimicryoforganismsprotectedby warningcolouration（警告颜色）Aggressive（攻击性的）mimicrydescribespredators(or parasites)whichsharethesamechara
