宏观经济学-通货膨胀与失业理论

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1、六、通货膨胀与失业理论INFLATIONANDUNEMPLOYMENT通货膨胀定义与危害通货膨胀是指商品和生产要素价格普遍和持续的上涨。持续的通货膨胀会破坏价格机制，使生产者和消费者作出错误决策，导致资源配置浪费。通货膨胀使货币贬值，动摇人们对货币的信心。不利于本国出口，不利于国际收支平衡。不利于储蓄者，不利于贷款者。Inflation:ItsCausesandCosts通货膨胀：原因与成本Inflationisanincreaseintheoverallpricelevel.通货膨胀是价格水平的整体上升äItisacontinuousin

2、crease（持续上升）versusaonce-and-for-allincreaseinprices.äInflationdealswiththeincreaseintheaverageofprices（平均水平）andnotjustsignificantincreasesinthepriceofafewgoods.TheCausesofInflationInflationisaneconomy-widemonetaryphenomenon（货币现象）thatconcerns,firstandforemost,thevalueofthee

3、conomy’smediumofexchange.TheCausesofInflationTounderstandthecausesofinflationwemustunderstandtheconceptsofmoneysupply,moneydemand,andmonetaryequilibrium（货币均衡）.Inthelongrun,theoveralllevelofpricesadjuststothelevelatwhichthedemandformoneyequalsthesupply.MoneySupplyandMoneyDe

4、mandMoneySupplyandMoneyDemandQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevel01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/411.3324MoneySupplyandMoneyDemandQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevelMoneysupply01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/411.3324MoneydemandMoneySupplyandMoneyDemandQuantityfixedbythe

5、FedQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevelMoneysupply01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/411.3324MoneydemandMoneySupplyandMoneyDemandQuantityfixedbytheFedQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevelAMoneysupply01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/411.3324MoneydemandMoneySupplyandMoneyDemand

6、QuantityfixedbytheFedQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevelAMoneysupply01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/411.3324EquilibriumvalueofmoneyMoneydemandMoneySupplyandMoneyDemandQuantityfixedbytheFedQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPriceLevelAMoneysupply01(Low)(High)(High)(Low)1/21/43/41

7、1.3324EquilibriumpricelevelEquilibriumvalueofmoneyMoneydemandTheEffectsofMonetaryInjection货币注入效应SupposetheFedinjectsmoneyintotheeconomybybuyinggovernmentbonds.äThesupplyofmoneycurveshiftstotheright.äTheequilibriumvalueofmoneydecreases.äTheequilibriumpricelevelincreases.The

8、EffectsofMonetaryInjectionTheEffectsofMonetaryInjectionQuantityofMoneyValueofMoneyPrice