2011高考英语(外研版)一轮复习：附录11(定语从句)

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1、(十一)定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指人，作主语或宾语；whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语；whose代指人(＝ofwhom)或物(＝ofwhich)，作定语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；that代指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语。ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasH

2、ardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobetwoyearsago.使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：(1)“介词＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用who或that。Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(2)“wh

3、ose＋n.”引导定语从句时，可换成“the＋n.＋ofwhom/which”或“ofwhich＋the＋n.”。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousethewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Helivesinabighouseofwhichthewindowfacesthesea.(3)which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时which相当于andthis。Hesucceededinthecompetition，

4、whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什么成分。I’llneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday作spent的宾语：Ispentthedaywithyouonthefarm.)I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedto

5、getherwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday在从句中作状语：Iworkedtogetherwithyouonthefarmonthatday.)HeworksinthefactorywhichmakescolorTVsets.(先行词thefactory在从句中作主语：ThefactorymakescolorTVsets.)HeworksinthefactorywherecolorTVsetsaremade.(先行词thefactory在从句中作状语：ColorTVsetsaremadeinthe

6、factory.)二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词when，where，why在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引导词要用关系副词。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Lin.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.2．关系副词常可换成“介词＋关系代词”。when可换成on/in/b

7、ywhich等，where可换成at/in/fromwhich等，why换成forwhich。ThisisthefactorywhereIpaidavisittheotherday.ThisisthefactorytowhichIpaidavisittheotherday.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedtheotherday.3．that有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时that可以省去，不过这是一种非正式用法。Ithappenedontheday(that/when)Iwas

8、born.4.way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如way在从句中作状语，应用inwhich或that引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾语应用that或which引导。Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetalks.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheprob