嘉应学院英语第11周自主学习资料

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1、Part1MatchingDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwith

2、aletter. DefinitionsofObesityA)Howdoesonedefinewhenapersonisconsideredtobeobeseandnotjustsomewhatoverweight?Height-weighttablesgiveanapproximateguidelineastowhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestage.B)TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsusingaformul

3、athattakesintoaccountaperson'sheightandweight.The"BodyMassIndex"(BMI)iscalculatedbydividingtheperson'sweightinkilogramsbythesquareoftheirheightinmeters,andisthusgiveninunitsofkg/m2.ABMIof18.5-24.9isconsideredtobethehealthiest.ABMIofbetween25and29.9isconsideredtobe

4、overweight,whileaBMIofover30isconsideredtobeobese.C)However,itisrecognizedthatthisdefinitionislimitedasitdoesnottakeintoaccountsuchvariablesasage,genderandethnicorigin,thelatterbeingimportantasdifferentethnicgroupshaveverydifferentfatdistributions.Anothershortcomi

5、ngisthatitisnotapplicabletocertainverymuscularpeoplesuchasathletesandbodybuilders,whocanalsohaveartificiallyhighBMIs.AgenciessuchastheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)intheUSAandtheInternationalDiabetesFoundation(IDF)arestartingtodefineobesityinadultssimpl

6、yintermsofwaistcircumference.HealthEffectsofObesityD)Over2000yearsago,theGreekphysicianHippocrateswrotethat"personswhoarenaturallyveryfatareapttodieearlierthanthosewhoareslender".Thisobservationremainsverytruetoday.Obesityhasamajorimpactonaperson'sphysical,sociala

7、ndemotionalwell-being.Itincreasestheriskofdevelopingdiabetesmellitustype2("matureonsetdiabetes")andalsomakesType2diabetesmoredifficulttocontrol.Thusweightlossimprovesthelevelsofbloodglucoseandbloodfats,andreducesbloodpressure.Theassociationbetweenobesityandcoronar

8、yheartdiseaseisalsowell-known.CancerE)Furthermore,in2001medicalresearchersestablishedalinkbetweenbeingoverweightandcertainformsofcancer,andestimatedthat