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1、IMAGINGCARDIACDYNAMICSUSINGLOW-COSTULTRA-HIGH-POWERLIGHTEMITTINGDIODESANDVOLTAGE-SENSITIVEDYESHanaM.Dobrovolny,∗1HanyElmariah,1SomaS.Kalb,2JohnP.Wikswo,Jr.,3andDanielJ.Gauthier1,2Departmentsof1Physicsand2BiomedicalEngineering,CenterforComplexandNonlinearSystems,DukeUniversity,Durham,
2、NC,277083DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,VanderbiltInstituteforIntegrativeBiosystemsResearchandEducation,DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringandDepartmentofMolecularPhysiologyandBiophysics,VanderbiltUniversity,Nashville,TN,37235ABSTRACT:Wedescribethecharacteristicsoflow-costultra-high-p
3、owerlightemit-tingdiodes(LEDs)foruseinopticalimagingexperiments.WeusetheLEDsinexperimentswithbullfrogcardiactissueandfindthatthesignal-to-noiseratioiscomparabletoothercommonlyusedilluminationsources.ContactInformation:DukeUniversity,DepartmentofPhysics,Box90305,Durham,NC,27708Tel:(919
4、)660-2512Fax:(919)660-2525email:hdobrovo@phy.duke.eduarXiv:physics/0702241v1[physics.bio-ph]27Feb2007IntroductionThedevelopmentofvoltage-sensitivedyeshasrevolutionizedthestudyofelectricalac-tivityinspatiallyextendedbiologicalsystemssuchastheheart[1].Inanopticalmappingstudy,theelectri
5、calactivityatdifferentspatiallocationscanbevisualizeddirectlyusingafluorescentdyeincombinationwithanilluminationsourcetoexcitethedyeandade-tectorarraytorecordfluoresence.Atypicalexcitationsourceforusewithdi-4-ANEPPS(specificationsforotherdyesareavailablefromMolecularProbes,www.probes.com
6、)needstoprovideanintensityof∼10-100mW/cm2atthetissuesurface,aspectralbandwidthlessthan∼35nm,andthevariationinthepowerofthesourceovertimemustbemuchlessthantheanticipatedchangeinfluorescentpowerwhenthecelldepolarizes.Somegroupshaverecentlyinvestigatedtheuseoflightemittingdiodes(LEDs)asi
7、llumi-nationsources[2,3].Thenarrowbandwidth,highefficiency,andthepotentialforlow-noiseoperationofLEDssatisfytheilluminationsourcerequirementsforsuccessfulopticalimag-ing.However,theseearlyexperimentsusedlow-power(0.25-10mW)LEDssotheycouldonlyimagesmallareasofcardiactissue.Inthispaper,w
8、ereportonthe
