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1、1HeavyQuarksandLatticeQCDFERMILAB-Conf-03/366-TAndreasS.Kronfeldahep-lat/0310063aTheoreticalPhysicsDepartment,FermiNationalAcceleratorLaboratory,Batavia,Illinois60510,USAThispaperisareviewofheavyquarksinlatticegaugetheory,focusingonmethodology.Itincludesastatusreportonsomeofthecal
2、culationsthatarerelevanttoheavy-quarkspectroscopyandtoflavorphysics.1.MOTIVATIONstateandoneornoneinthefinalstate;second,thechiralextrapolationmustbeundercontrol.Thestudyofflavor-andCP-violationisavi-Suchquantitiescanbecalledgold-plated,tore-talpartofparticlephysics[1].OftenlatticeQCD
3、mindusthattheyarethemostrobust.(Theyisneededtoconnectexperimentalmeasurementsareconceptuallyandtechnicallymuchsimplertothefundamentalcouplingsofquarks,which,inthannon-leptonicdecays,orresonancemassestheStandardModel,areelementsoftheCabibbo-andwidths.)Moreover,realistic,unquenchedK
4、obayashi-Maskawa(CKM)matrix.Usuallythesimulationsforgold-platedquantitiesnowseemtestofCKMisdrawnasasetofconstraintsontobefeasible[4,5].theapexoftheso-calledunitaritytriangle(UT).Muchisatstake.FitstotheCKMmatrixareTheParticleDataGroup’sversion[2]isshownoftendescribedasover-constrai
5、ningtheStandardinFig.1.Apartfromthewedgesin2β,theoreti-Model,buttheyarereallyatest.With(reliable)caluncertaintiesdominate,andeveryonewonderserrorbarsofafewpercentonecanimagineapic-whethertheyarereducibleand,ifso,reliable.In-turelikeFig.2.Thebase,theangleγ,andthedeed,asMartinBeneke
6、[3]putitatLattice2001,leftsidecomefromB(andother)decaysthatthe“StandardUTfitisnowentirelyinthehandsproceedatthetreeleveloftheelectroweakinter-ofLatticeQCD(upto,perhaps,
7、Vub
8、).”actions.TheycanbeconsideredtomeasuretheTheneededhadronicmatrixelementsare∗UT’sapex.Thesidelabeled“VtdVtb”i
9、sobtainedarXiv:hep-lat/0310063v131Oct2003amongthesimplestinlatticeQCD,sowecanfromthefrequencyofB0-B¯0mixing;theangleβhopetocarryoutafullandreliableerroranal-throughtheinterferenceofdecaywithandwith-ysis.Twocriteriaarekey:First,theremustbeoutmixing.Standardmixingproceedsthroughones
10、table(orverynarrow)hadronintheini
