INBAR_Technical_Report_No18_03

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Fibrelengthisstronglycorrelatedtofibrediameter,cellwallthicknessandinternodediameter.Thefibrediametervariesfrom10to40µm,thelumendiameterfrom2to20µmandthecellwallthicknessfrom4to10µm.TheRunkelratio(2Xwallthickness:lumendiameter)rangesfrom1to4.Thesevaluesareinfluencedbyfibr

2、ematuration,whichleadstoanincreaseinwallthickness.Immatureculmsaresometimesinvestigatedfortheirpulpingquality.ButtheirsmallerfibrewallthicknessgivesalowerRunkelratiothatmakesthemunsuitableforpulping.Bamboofibreshavehightearingresistance,butlowtensilestrengthbasedontheirslendernessratioandflexibil

3、itycoefficient(WidjajaandRisyad1987;Abd.Latif1995).Thevariationoffibredimensionsfollowingadistinctpatternwithinaculmwasestablishedalsobyotherauthors—Pattanath(1972),Espiloy(1987),Abd.Latifetal.(1994),etc.Theresultsexplaintheconsiderabledifferencesin“averagevalues”foundintheliterature,particularly

4、whentheoriginofthesampleshasnotbeenconsidered.Asfibrelengthisanimportantpulpingproperty,anymeasurementhastoconsiderthepatternofvariationwithintheculmbytakingrepresentativesamplesandnotingtheirlocations.FINESTRUCTUREThefinestructureofbamboofibresisofspecialinterestbecauseofitssignificanceforculmst

5、rength.DetailedinvestigationsbyTonoandOno(1962)andParameswaranandLiese(1976,1980),aswellascontributionsbyFujii(1985),Kawaseetal.(1980)andMurphyandAlvin(1992)haverevealedthenumerouslayersthatconstitutethecellwall(Fig.46).Differentresultshavebeenreportedaboutthenumberoflamellae,withamaximumof18.The

6、numberofwalllamellaevariesindifferentfibres,andisthehighestinfibreseitheradjacenttovascularbundleelementsorattheperipheryoffibrebundlesclosetothegroundtissue.Thiscanbepartlyattributedtothepositionofthevascularbundles,thelocationofthefibreswithin,andthematuritystateofthefibres.Inmostoftheearlierob

7、servations,theeffectofageingwashardlyconsidered.Oftenyoungerculmswereinvestigatedwithlesserlamellaebecauseofthetechnicaldifficultiesencounteredwhensectioningtheextremelyhardtissuesofolderones.62