资源描述：
《Defects and Transport in Crystalline Solids 晶体缺陷的书》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、UNIVERSITYOFOSLOPerKofstadandTrulsNorbyCompendiumfortheadvancedlevelcourseDefectChemistryandReactionsinSolidsKJM5120andKJM9120(formerlyKJM4120andKJ-MV417)atDepartmentofChemistryFacultyofMathematicsandNaturalSciencesUniversityofOslo2007Version:September20071.Structur
2、eanddefects121.StructureanddefectsPrefaceIn1972PerKofstadpublishedhis"Non-stoichiometry,diffusionandelectricalconductivityinbinarymetaloxides".Ithasbeenapopulartextbookindefectchemistryofoxidesworldwide,notleastbecauseitcontainedacomprehensivereviewofdefectstructure
3、anddefect-relatedpropertiesofallbinarymetaloxides.ItfollowedKofstad'sequallywell-recognizedbook"Hightemperatureoxidationofmetals"from1967,revisedandpublishedunderthetitle"Hightemperaturecorrosion"in1987.Inthe25yearsthathavepassedsince1972thefieldofdefectchemistryino
4、xideshasgrownanddevelopedinmanyways.Newandimprovedmeasurementtechniques,newsynthesistechniques,aswellasskilledanddevotedinvestigatorshaveproducedbetterdataformanyoxides,partlyencouragedbyindustrialdevelopmentsintheuseofsolidelectrolytes(solidoxidefuelcells,gassepara
5、tionmembranes,ceramicelectrodes,catalysts,etc).Computermodellingenablesdetailedanalysisofdefectchemistryandtransportprocesses,andhelpsusinterpretexperimentaldata.Althoughtheincreasingaccuracyandcomplexityiswelcomeandunavoidable,thesoundoverviewandabilitytoanalyseasi
6、tuationmaybeobscuredorlost.Thenewcomermayfindthefielddifficulttoenter,Alongwiththedevelopmentintheapplicationoftheoryandmodelling,thefieldhaschangedfocusfrombinaryoxidestoternaryorhigheroxides,muchduetothegrowingawarenessthatperovskiteandrelatedstructurestoleratever
7、ylargesubstitutionsandvariationsinvalenceandstoichiometry.Herewefindlanthanumaluminateinsulators,titanateandzirconateelectroceramicswithferroelectricity,piezoelectricity,etc,thehigh-Tccuprateandothersuperconductors,high-temperatureelectronicconductorssuchasdopedlant
8、hanumcobaltateandchromite,hightemperatureionicconductorssuchasbariumindateanddopedlanthanumgallate,mixedconductors,andalkalineearthcerates
