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1、Chapter5CapitalismandPopulation:MarxandEngelsAgainstMalthusAnAmbivalentHostilityTheviolenceoftheattacksonMalthusbyMarxandEngelsandthevirulenceoftheircriticismcannotbutstrikethereaderofCapitalandespeciallytheTheoriesofSurplusValue,althoughtheyarenotovertlypoliticalorpolemicalworks(likeTheCommun
2、istPartyManifesto,TheEighteenthBrumaireOfLouisBonaparte,TheClassStruggleinFranceorThePovertyofPhilosophy).Thecriticismisdirectedtowardsthelawofpopulation,whichistheverycoreofMalthus’sthinkingandthemaincomplaintagainsthimistheaccusationofplagiarizingfromJamesStewart,BenjaminFranklin,WalaceandTo
3、wnsend.1Further,hadMarxandEngelsconfinedthemselvestorefutingthedemographicaspectsofMalthus’sthinking,theirpersis-tenceinthismattercouldbeexplainedquiteeasilyforhewasheldintellectuallyresponsibleforthe1834Poorlawsreformabolishingallassistanceattheparishlevel.Butthetruthisfarmorecomplex:Marxhadta
4、kencaretoacquainthimselfwithMalthus’sworkinthefieldofeconomicsandhisattitudewasmuchmoreambivalent.Hescornfullyrejectedhistheoryofvaluecallingit“averymodelofintellectualimbecility”,butalsogavehimcreditforhisdecisiveinputsascomparedtoRicardo.2HerespectedRicardointellectually,butheaccusedMalthusof
5、servilelydefendingtheinterestsofthelandedaristocracy.ItthereforefollowsthattheremustbesomethingfundamentalinMalthus’swritingsthatdrivesMarxtorefutehimsopersistently.ExplainingMarx’sambivalencetowardsMalthusistheprimaryaimofthischapter.Marx’sandEngel’sprincipalthoughtsonpopulationaretobefoundin
6、TheCon-ditionoftheWorkingClassinEnglandin1844(publishedbyEngelsin1845),Capital(1867)andtheTheoriesofSurplusValue,writtenbetween1861and1863,butpublishedbyKautskyin1905afterMarx’sdeath.3LikeMalthus,Marxtoocanbeinterpretedattwolevels.Capitalisessentiallyatreatiseoneconomictheory1Capital:I,footnot
7、es26:633;5:675:37:677;Theories,Vol.VI:42,94andVol.IV:6.2Theories...,Vol.VI:38,andhis“peculiarconsiderations”Vol.VI:60.3TranslatedintoFrenchunderthetitleHistoiredesdoctrineseconomiques´.OnlyBookIofCapitalwaspublishedduringMarx’slifetime.
