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1、计算机研究与发展ISSN100021239PCN1121777PTPJournalofComputerResearchandDevelopment47(4):7162726,2010Flash存储技术111,2郑文静李明强舒继武1(清华大学计算机科学与技术系北京100084)2(清华大学信息科学与技术国家实验室(筹)北京100084)(zhengwj07@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn)FlashStorageTechnology111,2ZhengWenjing,LiMingqiang,
2、andShuJiwu1(DepartmentofComputerScienceandTechnology,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)2(TsinghuaNationalLaboratoryforInformationScienceandTechnology,Beijing100084)AbstractFlashmemoryhasthemeritsofnon2volatility,solid2stateness,smallvolume,lightweight,sh
3、ockresistance,highsequentialaccessperformance,highrandomreadperformanceandlowpowerconsumption.Thoughflashmemoryhasbeenwidelyappliedinembeddedsystemsandvariouskindsoftechnologieshavebeenproposedinthisarea,recently,withthecontinualincreaseincapacityanddec
4、reaseincost,therearestrongmotivesfrombothindustrialandacademicworldtoapplyflashmemoryinnotebookcomputersandenterprisestoragesystems,whichraisenewchallengesforbuildingahighperformance,highreliableandlowpower2consumingstoragesystembasedonflashmemory.Inthi
5、spaper,acomprehensiveanalysisandsummaryofthestateoftheartoftechnologiesthatarerelatedtoflashmemoryaregiveninthehopeofenlighteningfuturework.First,anintroductiontothecharacteristicsofflashmemoryandadiscussionontheroleofflashmemoryinstoragesystemarchitect
6、urearepresented.Then,severalkeytechniquesforefficientexploitationofflashmemoryarereviewedindetail,includingaddress2mappingtechnique,garbagecollectionmechanism,wear2levelingstrategy,flash2awarebuffercachereplacementstrategy,flash2awareindexingdatastructu
7、reandflash2basedtransactiontechnique.Finally,apanoramicviewisprovidedandpossiblefutureresearchareasaregiven.Keywordsflash;storagemanagement;flashtranslationlayer;buffercache;indexingdatastructure;transaction;garbagecollection摘要Flash存储器具有非易失性、固态性、体积小、重量轻
8、、抗震动、高性能、低能耗等特点.近年来,随着容量的提高和价格的降低,Flash存储器在通用计算环境中的应用技术迅速成为研究热点.研究的目的是对Flash存储技术研究现状进行分析、总结,以期为进一步的研究工作提供启发.首先介绍了Flash的存储特性,探讨了其在存储体系结构中地位,并讨论了管理Flash存储器的两种软件体系结构.然后重点分析、总结了Flash存储的各项关键技术的研究现状,包括地址映射机制、垃圾回收机制、磨损均衡策略、基于Flash的buffe
