风力发电基础

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1、风机发电机基础Fundamentalsofwindturbines风机设计基础(BasicsofWindTurbineDesign)•风机技术规范(WindTurbineSpecification)•功率等级(Rating)•叶片数目和风轮优化(BladeNumber&RotorOptimisation)•气动调节(AerodynamicRegulation)•安全系统–风轮刹车(SafetySystem–RotorBrake)•转动模式(SpeedMode)Fundamentalsofwindturbines1风机技术规范(WindTurbineSpecification)•目标

2、市场(Targetmarket)以便在开发进入产品设计时样机的确定和定义影响设计的关键市场约束(噪音，视觉，电磁干扰，电网，运输限制等等)(fortheprototypeafterdevelopmentintoaproductiondesignanddefinitionofkeymarketconstraintsthatwillaffectthedesign(acoustic,visual,EMI,grid,transportationlimits,other))•确定环境条件(Definitionoftheenvironmentalconditions)以便为风机设计选择设计标准

3、和风场等级及其他选择(forthedesignviaselectionofadesignstandardandsiteclassorotherwise)FundamentalsofwindturbinesFunctionalSpecification风力发电机将风的动能转化成电能(Awindturbineconvertsthekineticenergyofthewindintoelectricalenergy要求(Requirements:)•廉价的电(lowcostelectricity)•能生存(survival!)•对环境影响最小(minimumenvironmentalim

4、pact)WINDTEC1.5MWFundamentalsofwindturbines2风机的原理图(Schematicdiagramofturbine)1.叶片(Blade)2.叶片轮毂(Bladehub)3.叶片轴承(Bladebearing)4.主轴(Mainshaft)5.次发电机(Secondarygenerator)6.齿轮箱(Gearbox)7.刹车片(Diskbrake)8.冷油器(Oilcooler)9.万向轴(Cardanshaft)10.主发电机(Primarygenerator)11.维护吊车(Servicecrane)12.变浆液压缸(Pitchcylin

5、der)13.设备基础(Machine)foundation14.塔架(Tower)15.偏航控制(Yawcontrol)16.齿轮连杆(Geartierod)17.偏航环(Yawring)18.偏航齿轮(Yawgears)19.VMP上部控制单元(VMPtopcontrolunit)20.液压单元(Hydraulicunit)Fundamentalsofwindturbines风机是复杂的(Windturbinesarecomplicated)•风湍流(Windturbulence)•失速(Stall)•高周疲劳(Highcyclefatigue)•变化的传动系统载荷(Varyi

6、ngdrivetrainloads)•共振动力学(Resonantdynamics)•高可靠性(Highreliability)•低成本(Lowcost)•尾流相互作用(Wakeinteractions)Fundamentalsofwindturbines3每部分都是耦合在一起的(Everythingiscoupled)•风风风(Wind)•空气动力学(Aerodynamics)•叶片动力学(Bladedynamics)•控制(Control)•传动系统(Drivetrain)•电气网络(Electricalnetwork)•塔架(Tower)•基础(Foundations)Fun

7、damentalsofwindturbines发电生产的基本概念(BasicsofPowerProduction)•风功率与风速的三次方成正比(Windpowerproportionaltocubeofwindspeed)•出于实际的和经济效益的考虑必须限制风机的功率(Practicalandeconomicreasonsforlimitingturbinepower)•风轮设计(Rotordesigns)Fundamentalsofwindturbines4风的分布