长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展

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1、中国农业科学2011,44(2):254-262ScientiaAgriculturaSinicadoi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.02.004长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展邹应斌（湖南农业大学农学院，长沙410128）摘要：综述长江流域双季稻栽培技术的沿革和变更，为发展双季稻生产提供参考。根据区域内双季稻品种由单季稻改双季稻，由高秆稻改矮秆稻，由常规稻改杂交稻，由普通稻改超级稻的4次变革，总结和分析栽培技术的发展。随着品种的变更，双季稻栽培技术经历了多穗型栽培、穗粒兼顾型栽培和重穗型栽培3个发展阶段。重点介绍了早稻少耕分厢撒播技术、杂交晚稻“双两大”栽培技术、双

2、季稻起垄栽培技术、早稻旱育稀植栽培技术、双季稻“旺壮重”栽培技术、双季稻抛秧栽培技术、双季超级稻“三定”栽培技术的原理、要点及适应范围。指出双季稻生产将向化肥化、轻型化和机械化发展变化，并提出了发展双季稻生产的建议。关键词：双季稻；栽培技术；产量；长江流域DevelopmentofCultivationTechnologyforDoubleCroppingRiceAlongtheChangjiangRiverValleyZOUYing-bin(AgronomyCollegeofHunanAgriculturalUniversity,Changsha410128)Abstract:Theevol

3、utionandmodificationof60years’doublecroppingrice(DCR)productionalongtheChangjiangRivervalleywerestudiedinordertoprovidereferencestodevelopingDCRproduction.AccordingtothericeproductionachievementsoffourstagesofcultivarmodificationsfromsingleseasonricetoDCR,fromtallricetodwarfrice,frominbredricetohybr

4、idriceandfromcommonricetosuperrice,thedevelopmentofcultivationtechnologyforDCRissummarized.Withthecultivarimprovement,DCRcultivationhasundergonethreestagesofcultivationtechniquedevelopment:paniclenumbermodel,paniclenumberandsizemodelandpanicleweightmodel.Theprinciple,keytechnologyandadaptationregion

5、sofsomerepresentativetechniquesforDCRcultivationisintroducedinbrief,ofwhichthetechniquesare:theseedbroadcastingandreducedtillageinearlyseason,;the“Shuang-Liang-Da”(twotimesofraisingnursery)cultivationinlateseason;theridging-bedcultivationindoubleseasons;theno-irrigationnurseryandthinnerplantinginear

6、lyseason;the“Vigorroots-Sturdystems-Weightypanicles”cultivationindoubleseasons;theseedlingbroadcastingindoubleseasons;andthe“San-Ding”(todeterminetargetyield,seedlingsnumberandnitrogenrate)cultivationindoubleseasons.ThedevelopmenttendencyofDCRproductionwillbeappearredasthechemicalfertilizercharacter

7、istics,thesimplifyingandlaborsavingandmechanization.ThesuggestiontodevelopDCRproductionisalsoproposed.Keywords:doublecroppingrice;cultivationtechnology;yield;ChangjiangRiverValley中国水稻生产的历史悠久，距今已有7000余