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1、定语从句一、常见考点和问题1.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何判断该选择关系代词还是关系副词？2.什么是限制性定语从句？什么是非限制性定语从句？3.什么情况下只能使用that？反之，什么情况下只能用which？4.as的用法有哪些？怎么与which区别？5.介词+which/whom在使用时，介词由什么来决定？6.常见的抽象地点名词有哪些？7.定语从句中的主谓一致？二、解答考点1.关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。用法见下表：词例先行词充当成分例句关系代
2、词who人主语Thisisthedoctorwhosavedmylife.whom人宾语Sheisthenewstudent(whom)Iwanttotelltoyou.that人&物主语、宾语（指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which）which物主语、宾语1.Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.2.Thenovel(which)Tomboughtisveryinteresting.as物主语、宾语Theearth,asisknowntoal
3、l,isround.whose=ofwhomofwhich人&物定语TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams关系副词when=atinonduringwhich时间状语We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where=atintowhich地点状语Thisisthehousewherehelived.why=forwhich原因状语
4、Iknowthereasonwhysheworkssowell.2、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who(that)whom指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which(that)指物which人和物的whose人和物的whose关系代词在
5、从句中作宾语时可以省去关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子3、关系代词which和that的选用1）只能用that做关系代词的情况：只能用that做关系代词的情况例句1当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时(something除外)PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.2当先行词被Al
6、l,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时Hehaslittletimethathecanspare.3当先行词被序高考资源网数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestnovel(that)haveread.4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.5当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等等修
7、饰时ThisisthelasttimethatIIwanttoseeyou.6.在疑问词who,which,what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用thatWhichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.7当定语从句为therebe句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoBeijing.8当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略China
8、isnotthecountry(that)itwas.2）指物只能用which不用that的情况:只能用which不用that的情况:例句1在非限制性定语从句中StPetersburg,whichwasoncecalledLeningrad,isaverybeautifulcity.2在介词后面Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.3）指人时只能用who不用that的情况:只能用who不用that的情况例句1先行词为one,ones，
